With Equity in Mind: A Systematic Review of Recognition Practices for Migrants and Refugees in the European Context

Abstract

The attention deserved to the recognition of qualifications (degrees) and competencies acquired elsewhere, as a means for equity and inclusion in education has progressively influenced educational research and also educational policy and decision-making. Different European countries, agreeing with the importance of valorising informal learning, have expressed the need to make learning ‘beyond the classroom’ visible and to assess it in a more responsive and effective way. Despite the common educational policy framework, in the European area, students with a migratory background (i.e., migrants and/or refugees) continue to struggle in accessing university paths. Given the persistent difficulties in ensuring migrants and refugees equal access to education and training opportunities, this article reports a systematic review study focused on recognition practices realized, over the last 5 years, in the European higher education context. Against the backdrop of the learning recognition debate, the results of this literature review study show a scattered landscape of local practices, sometimes, misaligned with the educational policies defined at the European level. The present study represents a useful step in reflecting on what actions are expected to be designed and implemented by higher education institutions in order to ensure a culturally responsive and equitable education for all.