Abstract
Introduction and Objective:
Articular cartilage has a restricted capacity for self-regeneration when injured through trauma or disease. The inability to treat focal chondral lesions results in changes that inevitably progress to osteoarthritis. Lately, there have been many developments in the use of cell-based regenerative therapies for cartilage defects. The improvement of regenerative treatments for cartilage injury has been enormously supported by recent advances in stem cell biology. Some potential cell-based regenerative therapies include chondrocytes, multipotent stem cells (e.g. multipotent stem cells [MSCs]), and pluripotent stem cells (e.g. embryonic stem cells [ESCs]). All of these developments are mostly successful but have some limitations such as ethical issues and the potential for immunogenic or teratoma formation. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) has the potential to provide a prosperous cell source for tissue engineering, as well as produce patient-matched in vitro model study genetics and environmental factor in cartilage regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis. This systematic review aimed to investigate the potency of iPSC for cartilage regeneration through in vivo models.
Material and Methods:
Up until July 2023, multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) were searched. Original research articles or research reports were included. Review, case report, case series, and conference abstract were excluded. Articles with full-text unavailability, non-English, and irrelevant topics were also excluded. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE)
Results:
A total of 1072 studies were recorded from all databases. Amongst them, five studies, all original research articles, were eligible for qualitative synthesis. All of these articles show that iPSCs have the potential to produce high-quality cartilage regeneration which can successfully repair cartilage defects in vivo studies. Furthermore, no abnormal proliferation or teratoma was detected.
Conclusion:
The use of iPSC could be a new promising treatment in the use of cell-based regenerative therapies with unlimited pluripotent tissue regeneration with minimally ethical issues. In addition, further research related to clinical trials, dosage, method of administration, and long-term side effects are still needed further