Socio-economic Impacts of Land Acquisition for Dam Construction on Tribal Households in Akole Tehsil

Abstract

A dam stands as a monument to progress, touted as a lifeline for the thirsty in any state. This article discusses the socio-economic impacts of land acquisition for dam construction on tribal communities’ ancestral lands, which lay drowned by the dam construction. The insights of this article are based on a field survey from the Akole Tehsil and data from the population census of India, 2011. This field survey includes in-depth interviews, case studies and personal narratives of affected tribal communities.

The findings of the study indicate that over 60 per cent of the affected tribal households live below the poverty line, with notable disparities in compensation and a lack of secure land tenure. Education levels also remain critically low, with significant gender disparities, particularly in technical education. The study highlights that despite the rise in nominal income, the actual purchasing power of tribal households has declined significantly. The challenges posed by unemployment and the loss of traditional means of livelihood due to displacement have deeply impacted these communities. The study highlights that proper compensation and rehabilitation policies, when effectively implemented, can potentially alleviate some of these socio-economic struggles faced by the affected tribal communities, ensuring access to basic amenities in resettlement sites in Akole Tehsil. The findings indicate that securing clear land titles is crucial for protecting the rights, livelihoods and cultural heritage of tribal communities, as it shields them from exploitation and ensures fair resettlement.