Economic Evaluation of High-density Apple Plantation Technique in Kashmir: Comparison with Traditional Cultivation Methods and Assessment of Financial and Ecological Sustainability

Abstract

The study compares the productivity under traditional and high-density apple plantation (HDP) techniques in Kashmir and look at the financial viability of the two in light of the HDP subsidy scheme of the government of J&K. The study also looks at factors behind adoption of high-density techniques as well as the farmers’ perception of the environmental and health impacts of fertilisers and pesticides used in the apple orchards. The study finds that the productivity of apple production, measured by the yield of apple output, is significantly higher under the high-density plantation system compared to the traditional apple cultivation methods. The efficiency of production is also higher under the high-density plantation techniques owing to better technology and more scientific use of inputs such as precision irrigation systems and proper application of fertilizers and pesticides. Results from the NPV and IRR analysis indicate that the high-density technique is financially viable in the long run even in the absence of any assistance from the government. However, it was found that there is low uptake of subsidy scheme because farmers find it difficult to produce revenue records in their own name. The main factors driving adoption of High-Density technology are presence of a progressive farmer in the village or neighbourhood. There is only limited awareness among the farmers about the harmful impacts of chemicals on environment and health. The awareness regarding long-term health implications such as cancer due to pesticide exposure is also very limited.