The risk of secondary haematologic complications such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism increases significantly when a transient period of hypercoagulability is induced after total hip replacement (THR). A number of drug-based anticoagulant approaches are available to modulate this risk, but the optimal length of therapy for such approaches remains unclear. The literature was reviewed for evidence-based support of the routine use of an extended course (>14 days) of thromboprophylaxis after THR. Electronic databases and real-time online literature searches were performed, using the PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, CINAHL and GoogleScholar, and the Cochrane and British Medical Journal Clinical Evidence libraries. Author-defined key word searches were performed. Only articles in the English language, for which full text could be retrieved, were reviewed. There is robust evidence to support an extended course (>14 days) of thromboprophylaxis after THR. Such recommendations have been translated into the guidelines of key professional bodies, including those of the American College of Chest Physicians. Meta-review suggests a clear benefit of such regimens and supports wider adoption, even when weighed against a small increase in adverse events.
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