A Comparative Evaluation of Chondrocyte/Scaffold Constructs for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate three biodegradable scaffolds as cell carriers for in vitro cartilage regeneration using mature human chondrocyte cells. We compared cell distribution, viability and morphology and we evaluated the mechanical properties of the constructs after 2 weeks of in vitro culture. The materials used as scaffolds were fibrin glue, a collagen sponge and a polyurethane foam (DegraPol®). Fibrin glue was found unsuitable as a chondrocyte carrier vehicle after culture times longer than a few days, probably due to significant barriers to nutrients and oxygen diffusion, and the material weakened rapidly. The collagen-based sponge was found to be unsuitable to support chondrocyte survival in vitro, although the presence of newly synthesized collagen was observed in these constructs. The synthetic biodegradable scaffold was more adequate in supporting cell survival and mechanical properties. After 2 weeks of static culture, the storage modulus obtained by dynamic shear testing was in the order of 0.7 kPa in fibrin constructs, 3.7 kPa in collagen constructs and 105 kPa in DegraPol® constructs. The better mechanical stability of the synthetic foam supports further investigation in the possible use of synthetic biomaterials as biodegradable scaffolds for in vitro cartilage regeneration. (Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics 2004; 2: 55–64)