The southernmost provinces of Thailand, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, and Satun, can be seen, ethnically and culturally, as a part of the Malay world. The fact that this region now belongs to Buddhist Thailand is above all the consequence of a long conflict between the Thais and the Malays. The conflict can be summarized as the efforts of Thai governments to take hold of the Malay region and dominate Malay society and the resistance of the Malay Muslims against these efforts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the roots of this conflict. Some scholars date the conflict since the end of the eighteenth century. However, origins of the conflict can be traced back at the latest to the sixteenth century when the conflict began to concretely emerge. The conflict eventually became very serious in the seventeenth century. This study will focus attention on this period.
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