For the last three decades, an important social transition has taken place in Indonesia. It has brought with it cultural changes as well as emergence of narabas (trespassing) mentality and tegel (heartless) behavior. These phenomena are related to the emergence of consumer culture in which people are misguided with the belief that the image of things consumed are highly cultural activities. Such consumer culture is strengthened by the market expansion of industrial products from advanced countries, carried out by the process of globalization.
BasriChatib (2004). ‘Gejala Deindustrialisasi?”Kompas. 26, January (In Indonesian) p. 1, 11
2.
BoekeJ. H. (1953). Economic and Economic Policy of Dual Societies. New York: International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations
3.
DouglasMaryIsherwoodBaron (1997). The World of Goods. London: Basic Good
4.
FurnivalJ. S. (1948). Colonial Policy and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
5.
FeatherstoneMike (1991). Consumer Culture and Postmodernism. London: Sage Publications
6.
GeertzClifford (1963). Agriculture Involution: The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press
7.
KluckholnF. R.StrodbeckFred L. (1961). Variations in Value Orientations. Evanston, III: Row, Peterson and Company
8.
Koentjaraningrat (1969). Rintangan-Rintangan Mental Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia. Jakarta: Bhratara (In Indonesian)
9.
MalhotraKamal (2001). “Globalization and the Implication of the East Asians
10.
SaidEdward E. (1993). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopp
11.
TingsabadhCharit (1999). “Impact of Globalization and Privatization on Culture and the Cultural Industries: Thailand and its Cultural Dilemma”, in Towards a New Era of Cultural Industry: Report of the Asia-Europe Conference on Cultural Industries and Cultural Development. Beijing: Ministry of Culture, People's Republic of China, p.78–85
12.
ToflerAlvin (1989). The Third Wave. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc
13.
TurnerVictor (1976). Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
