The emergence of the New Space ecosystem has reshaped the organization of space activities, fostering increased private participation, competition, and commercial dynamism. Building on the literature on industrial policy and space governance, the article contends that the New Space ecosystem requires a reorientation of space policy toward a space industrial policy (SIP) that explicitly prioritizes commercial viability, economic development, and technological capability-building. The article defines the concept of SIP and distinguishes it from traditional space policy, emphasizing its focus on competitiveness, risk-sharing, and public–private coordination. The analytical framework is then applied to the Brazilian case, highlighting institutional challenges and policy gaps that constrain the country’s integration into the New Space economy. The article concludes by discussing the implications of adopting an SIP for emerging spacefaring nations.
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