Two clinical science training issues that are relevant to the Delaware Project on Clinical Science Training are addressed: (a) the value of problem-based learning for training clinical scientists and (b) the implications of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project. Problem-based learning puts less emphasis on mastering procedures and applying existing solutions and more emphasis on learning how to identify problems and to design, implement, and assess solutions. This approach is illustrated using Berkeley’s specialty clinic training model. RDoC is described along with the ways that clinical science training would need to change to embrace associated opportunities and overcome potential obstacles. Common to both issues are (a) the value of problem-based pedagogical approaches that prepare students to be creators, discoverers, assessors, and disseminators; and (b) the importance of training students to play central and significant roles in future approaches to the assessment and treatment of mental illness.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
3.
American Psychological Association Commission on Accreditation. (2009). Guidelines and principles for accreditation of programs in professional psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
4.
BakerT. B.McFallR. M.ShohamV. (2008). Current status and future prospects of clinical psychology: Toward a scientifically principled approach to mental and behavioral health care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9, 67–103.
5.
BerenbaumH.ShohamV. (2011). Broad and cutting-edge training in applied psychology: A clinical science perspective. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 5(1), 22–29.
6.
BermanJ. S.NortonN. C. (1985). Does professional training make a therapist more effective?Psychological Bulletin, 98, 401–407.
7.
ChamblessD. L.HollonS. D. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 7–18.
8.
ChamblessD. L.OllendickT. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 685–716.
9.
ChristensenA.HeaveyC. L. (1990). Gender and social structure in the demand/withdraw pattern of marital conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 73–81.
10.
ChristensenA.JacobsonN. S. (1994). Who (or what) can do psychotherapy: The status and challenge of nonprofessional therapies. Psychological Science, 5, 8–14.
11.
Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology. (1947). Recommended graduate training program in clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 2, 539–558.
12.
CuthbertB. N.InselT. R. (2010a). The data of diagnosis: New approaches to psychiatric classification. Psychiatry, 73, 311–314.
13.
CuthbertB. N.InselT. R. (2010b). Toward new approaches to psychotic disorders: The NIMH Research Domain Criteria project. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36, 1061–1062.
14.
CuthbertB. N.InselT. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine, 11, 126. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/126
15.
DeisserothK.FengG.MajewskaA. K.MiesenbockG.TingA.SchnitzerM. J. (2006). Next-generation optical technologies for illuminating genetically targeted brain circuits. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 10380–10386.
16.
HoltzheimerP. E.KelleyM. E.GrossR. E.FilkowskiM. M.GarlowS. J.BarrocasA.. . . MaybergH. S. (2012). Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 150–158.
17.
KesslerR. C.ChiuW. T.DemlerO.WaltersE. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.
18.
KruegerR. F.WatsonD.BarlowD. H. (2005). Introduction to the special section: Toward a dimensionally based taxonomy of psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 491–493.
19.
LevensonR. W.CowanC. P.CowanP. A. (2010). A specialty clinic model for clinical science training: Translating couples research into practice in the Berkeley Couples Clinic. In SchulzM. S.PruettM. K.KerigP. K.ParkeR. D. (Eds.), Strengthening couple relationships for optimal child development: Lessons from research and intervention (pp. 197–209). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
20.
LevensonR. W.GottmanJ. M. (1983). Marital interaction: Physiological linkage and affective exchange. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 587–597.
21.
LevensonR. W.MillerB. L. (2007). Loss of cells—Loss of self: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration and human emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 289–294.
22.
McFallR. M. (1991). Manifesto for a science of clinical psychology. Clinical Psychologist, 44(6), 75–88.
23.
McHughR. K.BarlowD. H. (2010). The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments: A review of current efforts. American Psychologist, 65(2), 73–84.
24.
MeehlP. E. (1973). Why I do not attend case conferences. In MeehlP. E. (Ed.), Psychodiagnosis: Selected papers (pp. 225–302). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
25.
National Institute of Mental Health. (1999). Report of the National Advisory Mental Health Council’s Behavioral Science Workgroup: Translating behavioral science into action. Washington, DC: Author.
26.
Office of the Surgeon General. (1999). Mental health—A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
27.
OlneyN. T.GoodkindM. S.Lomen-HoerthC.WhalenP. K.WilliamsonC. A.HolleyD. E.. . . RosenH. J. (2011). Behaviour, physiology and experience of pathological laughing and crying in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain, 134(Pt. 12), 3458–3469.
28.
OnkenL. S.CarrollK. M.ShohamV.CuthbertB. N.RiddleM. (2014). Reenvisioning clinical science: Unifying the discipline to improve the public health. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 22–34.
29.
PaulG. L. (1968). Two-year follow-up of systematic desensitization in therapy groups. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 119–130.
30.
PaulG. L.ShannonD. T. (1966). Treatment of anxiety through systematic desensitization in therapy groups. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71, 124–135.
31.
RogersC. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
32.
RogersC. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103.
33.
ShohamV.RohrbaughM. J.OnkenL. S.CuthbertB. N.BeveridgeR. M.FowlesT. R. (2014). Redefining clinical science training: Purpose and products of the Delaware Project. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 8–21.
34.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Author.
35.
TruaxC. B.WargoD. G.FrankJ. D.ImberS. D.BattleC. C.Hoehn-SaricR.. . . StoneA. R. (1966). Therapist empathy, genuineness, and warmth and patient therapeutic outcome. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 30, 395–401.
36.
WangP. S.BerglundP. A.OlfsonM.PincusH. A.WellsK. B.KesslerR. C. (2005). Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 603–613.
37.
WeiszJ. R.Southam-GerowM. A.GordisE. B.Connor-SmithJ. K.ChuB. C.LangerD. A.. . . WeissB. (2009). Cognitive–behavioral therapy versus usual clinical care for youth depression: An initial test of transportability to community clinics and clinicians. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 383–396.
38.
WidigerT. A.SankisL. M. (2000). Adult psychopathology: Issues and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 377–404.
39.
WolpeJ. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
World Health Organization. (2004). The world health report 2004—Changing history. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
42.
ZlotlowS. F.NelsonP. D.PetersonR. L. (2011). The history of broad and general education in scientific psychology: The foundation for professional psychology education and training. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 5, 1–8.
