AbenhaimL.SuissaS., & RossignolM. (1988). Risk of recurrence of occupational back pain over three year follow up. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 45, 829–833.
2.
BartelinkD.L. (1957). The role of abdominal pressure in relieving the pressure on the lumbar intervertebral disks. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 39B(4), 718–725.
3.
BattiéM.C.StanleyJ.FisherL.D.HanssonT.H.NachemsonA.L.SpenglerD.M.WortleyM.D., & ZehJ. (1989). A prospective study of the role of cardiovascular risk factors and fitness in industrial back complaints. Spine, 14(2), 141.
4.
BigosS.J., & BattiéM.C. (1992). Risk factors for industrial back problems. Seminars in Spine Surgery, 4(1), 2–11.
5.
CatoC.OlsonD.K., & StuderM. (1989). Incidence, prevalence, and variables associated with low back pain in staff nurses. AAOHN Journal, 37(8), 321–327.
6.
DeClercqN.G., & LundJ. (1993). NIOSH lifting formula changes scope to calculate maximum weight limits. Occupational Health & Safety, 62(2), 45–51.
7.
DonajkowskiK.L. (1993). Back injury: Causes, prevention, treatment. Professional Safety, 38(9), 21–26.
8.
EstlanderA.VanharantaH.MonetaG.B., & KaivantoK. (1994). Anthropometric variables, self-efficacy beliefs, and pain and disability ratings on the isokinetic performance of low back pain patients. Spine, 19, 941–946.
FuortesL.J.ShiY.ZhangM.ZwerlingC., & SchootmanM. (1994). Epidemiology of back injury in university hospital nurses from review of workers' compensation records and a case-control survey. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 36, 1022–1026.
11.
GargA. (1995). Revised NIOSH equation for manual lifting: A method for job evaluation. AAOHN Journal, 43(4), 211–217.
12.
GarrettB.SingiserD., & BanksS.M. (1992). Back injuries among nursing personnel. AAOHN Journal, 40(11), 510–516.
13.
GatesS.J. (1986). Back injury prevention, a holistic approach. AAOHN Journal, 34(2), 59–62.
14.
GatesS.J. (1988). On-the-job back exercises. AAOHN Journal, 88(5), 656–659.
15.
GiadL., & KirshumA. (1989). Study shows work environments, job tasks may cause back pain. Occupational Health & Safety, 58(2), 43–46.
16.
GlisanB. (1993). Customized prevention programs play vital role in back protection process. Occupational Health & Safety, 62(12), 21–26.
17.
HolmstromE., & MoritzU. (1992). Effects of lumbar belts on trunk muscle strength and endurance: A follow-up study of construction workers. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 5(3), 260–266.
18.
HunterG.R.McGuirkJ.MitranoN.PearmanF.ThomasB.ArlingtonR. (1989). The effects of a weight training belt on blood pressure during exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Science Research, 3(1), 15–18.
19.
JacksonL.C. (1991). Ergonomics and the occupational health nurse. AAOHN Journal, 39(3), 119–127.
20.
JohnsR.E.BloswickD.S.EleganteJ.M., & ColledgeA.L. (1994). Chronic, recurrent low back pain. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 36(5), 537–545.
21.
LundK., & RamboJ. (1994). Weighing the evidence. Occupational Health & Safety, 63(11), 33–35.
MassetD., & MalchaireJ. (1994). Low back pain. Spine, 19(2), 143–146.
24.
McGillS.M. (1993). Abdominal belts in industry: A position paper on their assets, liabilities and use. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 54, 752–754.
25.
McGillS.M., & NormanR.W. (1987). Reassessment of the role of intra-abdominal pressure in spinal compression. Ergonomics, 30(11), 1565–1588.
26.
MetzgarC.R. (1995). Placebos: Back belts and the Hawthorne effect. Professional Safety, 40(4), 26–29.
27.
MitchellL.V.LawlerF.H.BowanD.MoteW.AsundiP., & PurswellJ. (1994). Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of employer issued back belts in areas of high risk for back injury. Journal of Occupational Health Medicine, 36(1), 90–94.
28.
MuirT.W.III (1992). Back injury prevention in health care requires training, technology and exercise. Occupational Health & Safety, 63(6), 66–72.
29.
NIOSH. (1994a). Workplace use of back belts (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, DHHS, Publication No. 550-147/00016). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
30.
NIOSH. (1994b). Back belts, do they prevent injury? (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, DHHS Publication No. 94-127). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
31.
PattersonP.K.EubanksT.L., & RamseyerR. (1986). Back discomfort prevalence among bus drivers. AAOHN Journal, 34(10), 481–484.
32.
ReddellC.R.CongletonJ.J.HuchingsonR.D., & MontgomeryJ.F. (1992). An evaluation of a weightlifting belt and back injury prevention training class for airline baggage handlers. Applied Ergonomics, 23, 319–329.
33.
SandlerH. M. (1993). Musculoskeletal support devices: Panacea, placebo or pathogen. Occupational Hazards, 55(12), 37–39.
34.
ShultsJ.D. (1991). Back pain prevention: A cure for workers' compensation costs. Safety & Health, 144(2), 26–29.
35.
StubbsD. (1991). Ergonomics end back pain. Occupational Health, 43(3), 82–85.
36.
TaylorB.B. (1987). Low back injury prevention training requires traditional, new methods. Occupational Health & Safety, 56(9), 44, 48, 50.
37.
TramposhA. (1989). Musculoskeletal injuries demand new treatment model. Occupational Health & Safety. 58(4), 20–38.
38.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1981). Work practices for manual lifting. Cininnati, OH: NIOSH.
39.
WalshN.E., & SchwartzR.K. (1990). The influence of prophylactic orthoses on abdominal strength and low back injury in the workplace. American Journal Physical Medical Rehabilitation, 69(5), 245–250.
40.
WatersT.R.Putz-AndersonVeraGargA., & FineL.J. (1993). Revised NIOSH equation for the design and evaluation of manual lifting tasks. Ergonomics, 36, 749–776.
41.
WillenJ. (1995). How to reduce back injuries. Safety & Health, 51(3) 42–48.