Abstract
Occupational health nurses who assist in the development of substance abuse testing policies for current employees should thoughtfully examine the issues of who is to be tested, when they are to be tested, which test methodology is to be used, and how the confidentiality of the individual's health status will be maintained. Will certain employees be tested routinely at the time of health examinations? Will employees be tested only for cause? Is the cause to be only when impairment becomes visible or job performance is compromised? Will employees be tested after an accident occurs? Which accidents? Which test method will be used—one that measures current impairment or one that measures lifestyle?
Resolving ethical dilemmas requires that one be cognizant of personal values, use critical reflection, and apply ethical principles. One can then make appropriate decisions in the context of the legal and moral climate of society, the culture of the workplace, and the individual rights and civil liberties of employees.