Transmission of HIV via a Needlestick Injury

American Health Consultants (AHC). (1990). One third of needlesticks go unreported at hospital. Hospital Infection Control, 17(18), 107.

Becker M.H. , Janz N.K. , Band J. , Bartley J. , Snyder M.B. , & Gaynes R.P. (1990). Noncompliance with universal precautions policy: Why do physicians and nurses recap needles? American Journal of Infection Control, 17(46), 232–239.

Department of Labor, OSHA. (1991). Occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens; final rule. Federal Register, 54(235), 64004–64182.

Edmond M. , Khakoo R. , McTaggart E.L. , and Solomon R. (1988). Effect of bedside needle disposal units on needle recapping frequency and needlestick injury. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 9(3), 114–116.

Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI). (1991). Needle-stick prevention devices. Health Devices, 20(5), 156–179.

Fahner R. , and Gerberding J.L. (1991). Infection risk in health care workers. AIDS Clinical Review 215–225.

Gerberding J.L. (1990). Current epidemiologic evidence and case reports of occupationally acquired HIV and other bloodborne diseases. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 11(10): 558–560.

Goldwater P.N. , Law R. , Nixon A.D. , Officer J.A. , and Clelean J.F. (1989). Impact of a recapping device on venepuncture-related needlestick injury. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 10(1), 21–25.

Haddon W. (1980). Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public Health Report, 95, 411–421.

Hamory B.H. (1983). Underreporting of needle stick injuries in a university hospital. American Journal of Infection Control, 11(5), 174–177.

Henderson D.K. , Fahey B.J. , Willy M. , Schmitt J.M. , Carey K. , Koziol D.E. , Lane H.C. , Redio J. , and Saah A.J. (1990). Risk for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with clinical exposures. Annals of Internal Medicine, 113(10), 740–746.

Jackson M.M. , Dechairo D.C. , and Gardner D.F. (1986). Perceptions and beliefs of nursing and medical personnel about needle-handling practices and needlestick injuries. American Journal of Infection Control, 14(1), 1–10.

Jagger J. , Hunt E.H. , Brand-Elnagger J. , and Pearson R.D. (1988). Rates of needlestick injury caused by various devices in a university hospital. New England Journal of Medicine, 5, 284–288.

Jagger J. , Hunt E.H. , and Pearson R.P. (1990). Estimated cost of needlestick injuries for six major needled devices. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 11, 584–588.

Krasinski K. , LaCouture R. , and Holzman R.S. (1987). Effect of changing needle disposal systems on needle puncture injuries. Infection Control, 8(2), 59–63.

Lewis S.M. , and Collier I.C. (1987). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Company.

Linnemann C.C. , Cannon C. , DeRonde M. , and Lanphear B. (1991). Effect of educational programs, rigid sharps containers, and universal precautions on reported needlestick injuries in health care workers. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 12(4), 214–219.

Marcus R.A. , Tokars J.I. , Culver P.S. , and McKibben D.M. (1991). Zidovudine use after occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood. Abstract #979. Presented at the 1991 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Chicago, IL.

McCormick R.D. , and Maki D.G. (1981). Epidemiology of needlestick injuries in hospital personnel. American Journal of Medicine, 70(4), 928–932.

McEvoy M. , Porter K. , Mortimer P. , Simmons N. , and Shanson D. (1987). Prospective study of clinical, laboratory, and ancillary staff with accidental exposures to blood or body fluids from patients infected with HIV. British Medical Journal, 294, 1595–1598.

The National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control. (1989). Injury Prevention: Meeting the Challenge. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ribner B.S. , Landry M.N. , Gholson G.L. , and Linden L.L. (1987). Impact of a rigid, puncture resistant container system upon needlestick injuries. Infection Control, 8(2), 63–66.

Robertson L.S. (1983). Injuries: Causes, Control Strategies, and Public Policy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Sellick J.A. , Hazamy P.A. , and Mylotte J.M. (1991). Influence of an educational program and mechanical opening needle disposal boxes on occupational needlestick injuries. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 12(12), 725–731.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (1991). Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 91-50212. Washington, D.C.

Whitby M. , Stead P. , and Najman J.M. (1991). Needlestick injury: Impact of a recapping device and an associated education program. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 12, 220–225.

White M.S. (1982). Construct for public health nursing. Nursing Outlook, Nov-Dec, 527–530.

Wigglesworth E.C. (1978). The fault doctrine and injury control. Journal of Trauma, 18(12), 789–794.

Willy M.E. , Dhillon G.L. , Loewen N.L. , Wesley R.A. , and Henderson D.K. (1990). Adverse exposures and universal precautions practices among a group of highly exposed health professionals. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 11(7), 351–356.

World Health Organization (WHO). (1991). In Point of Fact. Geneva: World Health Organization, no. 74.