Occupational Stress and Burnout in the Nursing Profession

Aneshensel C.S. , & Stone J.D. (1982). Stress and deptession: A test of the buffering model of social support. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39(12), 1392–1396.

Antonovsky A. (1973). The utility of the breakdown concept. Social Science and Medicine, 7, 605–612.

Beaver R.C. Sharp E.S. , & Cotsonis G.A. (1986). Burnout experienced by nurse-midwives. Journal of Nurse Midwifery, 31(1), 3–15.

Brayfield A.H. , & Rothe H.F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307–311.

Caroselli-Karinja M.F. , & Zboray Drozd S. (1986). The impaired nurse. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 24(6), 14–19.

Cobb S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300–314.

Colligan M.J. Smith M.J. , & Hurrell J.J. (1977). Occupational incidence rates of mental health disorders. Journal of Human Stress, 9, 34–39.

Constable J.F. , & Russell D.W. (1986). The effect of social support and the work environment upon burnout among nurses. Journal of Human Stress, 12(1), 20–26.

Cronin-Stubbs D. , & Rooks C.A. (1985). The stress, social support, and burnout of critical care nurses: The results of research. Heart & Lung, 14(1), 31–39.

Davitz L.J. (1969). Nurses' inferences of suffering. Nursing Research, 18(2), 100–107.

Dean A. , & Lin N. (1977). The stress-buffering role of social support: Problems and prospects for systematic investigation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 165, 7–15.

Dewe P.J. (1987). Identifying strategies nurses use to cope with work stress. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 12, 489–497.

Eisenberg T. (1975). Labor-management relations of psychological stress—view from the bottom. The Police Chief, 42, 54.

Fagin C.M. , & Maraldo P.J. (1988). Feminism and the nursing shortage: Do women have a choice? Nursing and Health Care, 9(7), 365–367.

Firth H. McIntee J. McKeown P. , & Britton P. (1986). Interpersonal support amongst nurses at work. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11, 273–282.

Firth H. McKeown P. McIntee J. , & Britton P. (1987). Professional depression, “burnout” and personality in longstay nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 24(3), 227–237.

Freudenberger H.J. , & Richelson G. (1980). Burnout: The High Cost of High Achievement. New York, NY: Anchor Press.

Ganster D.C. Fusilier M.R. , & Mayes B.T. (1986). Role of social support in the experience of stress at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(1), 102–110.

Gardan J.F. (1969). Nursing stresses in the intensive care unit. Journal of the American Medical Association, 208, 2337–2338.

Gore S. (1981). Stress-buffering functions of social supports: An appraisal and clarification of research models. In: Dohrenwend B.S. , & Dohrenwend B.P. , Eds. Stressful Life Events and Their Contexts. New York, NY: Wiley, pp. 202–222.

Hadley R.D. (1977). Staff nurse cites challenge, satisfaction despite stress. The American Nurse, 9, 6.

Hay D. , & Oken D. (1972). The psychological stresses of intensive care unit nursing. Psychosomatic Medicine, 34(2), 109–118.

House J.S. (1983). Work Stress and Social Support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Howell R.W. & Crown S. (1971). Sickness absence levels and personality inventory scores. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 28, 126–130.

Hurrell J.J. (1977). Job Stress Among Police Officers—A Preliminary Analysis. (DHEW Publication No. NIOSH 7604228). Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Hutchison S. , & Sowa D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.

Jackson S.E. Schwab R.L. , & Schuler R.S. (1986). Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 630–640.

Jefferson L.V. , & Ensor B.E. (1982). Help for the helper: Confronting a chemically-impaired colleague. American Journal of Nursing, 82(4), 574–577.

Kobasa S.C. Hilker R.R.J. , & Maddi S.R. (1979). Who stays healthy under stress? Journal of Occupational Health Medicine, 21(9), 595–598.

Leading Work-Related Diseases and Injuries. (1986). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 35, 613–621.

Lee D.J. Niemcryk S.J. Jenkins C.D. , & Rose R.M. (1989). Type A amicability and injury: A prospective study of air traffic controllers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11(2), 177–186.

Lefcourt H.M. Martin R.A. , & Saleh W.E. (1984). Locus of control and social support: Interactive moderators of stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(2), 378–389.

Lehmann P. (1974). Job stress: Hidden hazard. Job Safety & Health, 2, 4.

Locke S.E. (1982). Stress, adaptation, and immunity. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 49–58.

Marcus A.L. , & Popovic S. (1985). Managing stress in the OR. AORN Journal, 41(4), 723–729.

Margolis B.L. (1973). Stress is a work hazard too. Industrial Medicine, Occupational Health Surgery, 42, 20.

Martindale D. (1977). Sweaty palms in the control tower. Psychology Today, 10, 73.

Maslach C. , & Jackson S.E. (1981). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Maslach C. , & Jackson S.E. (1982). Burnout in health professions: A social psychological analysis. In: Saunders G.S. & Subs J. , Eds. Social Psychology of Health and Illness. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 227–251.

McDowell I. , & Newell C. (1987). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires. New York, NY: Oxford Press.

McInnes C. (1964). Mr. Love and Justice. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.

Melton C.E. Smith R.C. McKenzie J.M. Wicks S.M. , & Saldivar J.T. (1978). Stress in air traffic personnel: Low-density towers and flight service stations. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 49(5), 724–728.

Moos R.H. (1981). Work Environment Scale Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Motowidlo S.J. Packard J.S. , & Manning M.R. (1986). Occupational stress: Its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), 618–629.

Moynihan R.T. , & Outlaw E. (1984). Nursing support groups in a cancer center. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2(1), 33–48.

Murphy L.R. (1983). A comparison of relaxation methods for reducing stress in nursing personnel. Human Factors, 25(4), 431–440.

Norbeck J.S. (1985). Types and sources of social support for managing job stress in critical care nursing. Nursing Research, 34(4), 225–230.

Oaster T.R.F. (1982). Index for differentiation of state and trait scales with new stressor scales. Psychological Reports, 51, 272.

Petersen J.C. (1983). Stress Management Questionnaire Manual. Tucson, AZ: The Assessment Center.

Plaut S.M. , & Friedman S.B. (1982). Stress, coping behavior and resistance to disease. Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, 38, 274–283.

Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. (1987). Occupational Stress Index Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Quick J.C. , & Quick J.D. (1984). Organizational Stress and Preventive Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Ray E.B. (1987). Supportive relationships and occupational stress in the workplace. In: Albrecht T.L. Adelman M.B. , Eds. Communicating Social Support. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 172–191.

Reiser M. (1978). The problem of police officer wives. Police Chief, 45, 38.

Revicki D.A. , & May H.J. (1985). Occupational stress, social support, and depression. Health Psychology, 4(1), 61–77.

Rizzo J.R. House R.J. , & Lirtzman S.E. (1970). The Role-Ambiguity Scale. Kalamazoo, MI: Department of Management, Western Michigan University.

Solomon R.M. (1986). Post-shooting traumatic reactions: A pilot study. In: Reese J.T. , & Goldstein H. , Eds. Psychological Services for Law Enforcement. Washington D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, pp. 383–393.

Stout J.K. , & Williams J.M. (1983). Comparison of two measures of burnout. Psychological Reports, 53, 283–289.

Super D.E. (1968). Wort Values Inventory. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University.

Thompson S.C. (1981). Will it hurt less if I can control it? A complex answer to a simple question. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 89–101.

Vachon M.L.S. (1987). Occupational Stress in the Care of the Critically Ill, the Dying, and the Bereaved. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.

Vreeland R. , & Ellis G. (1969). Stresses on the nurse in an intensive care unit. Journal of the American Medical Association, 208, 332–334.

Whitfield D. , & Stammers R.B. (1976). The skills of the air traffic controllers. In: Singleton W.T. , Ed. The Study of Real Skills. London, England: Academic Press.

Wigor L. (1969). The Task-Autonomy Scale. Toronto, Ontario: Faculty of Management Studies, University of Toronto.

Wolfgang A.P. (1988). Job stress in the health professions: A study of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. Hospital Topics, 66(4), 24–27.