Abstract
Inorganic lead has widespread use in industry and has resulted in measurable community pollution, due predominantly to the use of leaded fuels. The classical toxic effects of lead, encephalopathy, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and colic are now rare in the industrial setting. However, recent studies have indicated enzymatic depression, teratogenicity, and behavioral changes at lead exposure levels previously thought safe. Diagnosis of lead toxicity is aided by exposure evaluation through blood lead determinations; toxicity effects even at relatively low levels can be evaluated by measurement of hemoglobin synthesis intermediates. Although mild or asymptomatic cases may not require treatment beyond removal from exposure, more severe cases may require chelation therapy. Biologic monitoring and medical surveillance protocols have been established by OSHA. A blood lead action level of 30 μgm/100 ml is recommended to protect from the enzyme and reproductive effects found at lower blood lead levels.