Is Gum Disease Related to Cardiovascular Disease?

American Heart Association. (2005). Cardiovascular disease statistics. Retrieved September 21, 2005, from www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4478

Beck J.D. , & Offenbacher S. (2001). The association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: A state-of-the-science review. Annals Of Periodontology, 6(1), 9–15.

Cardiovascular disease and an association with gum disease. (2004). Chronic Disease Notes and Reports, 17(1), 50–51.

Lyle D.M. , & Jahn C.A. (2004). The periosystemic link. RDH, 24(11), 54–55, 70.

Montebugnoli D. , Servidio D. , Miaton R.A. , Prati C. , Tricoci P. , Melloni C. , & Melandri G. (2005). Periodontal health improves systemic inflammatory and haemostatic status in subjects with coronary heart disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32, 188–192.

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. (2005). Periodontal (gum) disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatments. Retrieved May 19, 2005, from www.nidcr.nih.gov/Healthlnformation/DiseasesAndConditions/GumPeriodontalDiseases/PeriodontalDiseases.htm