Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2019-1
Recommendations for School Counselors: Applying the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) in Assisting Korean Adolescent Students in the United States
The school counseling profession strongly encourages practitioners to work within a multicultural and a social justice perspective. More literature is needed that clarifies exactly how school counselors can use such a perspective in working with Asian student populations. We describe how school counselors can use the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies framework in school counseling with the rapidly growing Korean adolescent student population in the United States.
AhnC. M.EbesutaniC. (2015). Emotional and behavioral profile assessment using the BASC-2 with Korean middle school students. Psychology in the Schools, 52, 756–772. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21857
American School Counselor Association. (2019). ASCA National Model: A framework for school counseling programs (4th ed.). Author.
4.
AshworthK. J.RandallJ.MillenA.RosqvistJ. (2011). Culturally competent CBT: Treating SAD in a Korean immigrant—A single case analysis. Clinical Case Studies, 10, 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650111435163
5.
BardenS. M.GreeneJ. H. (2015). An investigation of multicultural counseling competence and multicultural counseling self-efficacy for counselors-in-training. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 37, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-014-9224-1
6.
BrownC. H.AyalaC. (2017). Developing and sustaining a regional school counselor leadership team. Professional School Counseling, 21, 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X18786444
7.
ByrdR.ErfordB. T. (2014). Applying techniques to common encounters in school counseling. Pearson.
8.
CareyJ.DimmittC. (2012). School counseling and student outcomes: Summary of six statewide studies. Professional School Counseling, 16, 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0001600204
9.
ChenE. C.BudiantoL.WongK. (2010). Professional school counselors as social justice advocates for undocumented immigrant students in group work. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 35, 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2010.492897
10.
CheungC. W.SwankJ. M. (2019). Asian American identity development: A bicultural model for youth. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 59, 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2018.1556985
11.
ChoS.HudleyC.BackH. J. (2003). Cultural influences on ratings of self-perceived social, emotional, and academic adjustment for Korean American adolescents. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 29, 3–14.
12.
ChoiS.ChoY. I. (2012). Influence of psychological and social factors on bystanders’ roles in school bullying among Korean-American students in the United States. School Psychology International, 34, 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034311430406
13.
ChoiY.TanK. H.YasuiM.HahmH. C. (2016). Advancing understanding of acculturation for adolescents of Asian immigrants: Person-oriented analysis of acculturation strategy among Korean American youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 1380–1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0496-0
CrookT. M.StengerS.GesselmanA. (2015). Exploring perceptions of social justice advocacy competence among school counselors. Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy, 2, 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/2326716X.2014.996831
16.
FeldwischR. P.WhistonS. C. (2016). Examining school counselors’ commitments to social justice. Professional School Counseling, 19, 166–175. https://doi.org/10.5330/1096-2409-19.1.166
17.
FicklingM. J.GonzalezL. M. (2016). Linking multicultural counseling and social justice through advocacy. Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy, 3, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/2326716X.2015.1124814
18.
HofmannS. G.OttoM. W. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis.
19.
HuangL. N. (1994). An integrative approach to clinical assessment and intervention with Asian-American adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2301_4
20.
JacobM. L.SuvegC.ShafferA. (2013). Developmentally sensitive behavioral treatment of a 4-year-old, Korean girl with selective mutism. Clinical Case Studies, 12, 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650113492997
JungA. W.StangK.FerkoD.HanS. (2011). A commentary on cultural influences impacting the education of Korean American adolescents. American Secondary Education, 40, 31–38.
23.
JungS.LeeD.ParkS.HongH. J. (2018). Subtypes of suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents: A multilevel latent profile analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867418763530
24.
JungW. S.StinnettT. A. (2005). Comparing judgements of social, behavioural, emotional, and school adjustment functioning for Korean, Korean American and Caucasian American children. School Psychology International, 26, 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034305055976
25.
KaffenbergerC. J.O’Rorke-TrigianiJ. (2013). Addressing student mental health needs by providing direct and indirect services and building alliances in the community. Professional School Counseling, 16, 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X1201600505
26.
KimB. S. K.OmizoM. M.SalvadorD. S. (1996). Culturally relevant counseling services for Korean American children: A systematic approach. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 31, 64–73.
KimY. S. E. (2004). Understanding Asian American clients. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 12, 91–114. https://doi.org/10.1300/J051v12n03_05
LapanR. T.GysbersN. C.StanleyB.PierceM. E. (2012). Missouri professional school counselors: Ratios matter, especially in high-poverty schools. Professional School Counseling, 16, 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0001600207
LeeI.Koro-LjungbergM. (2007). A phenomenological study of Korean students’ acculturation in middle schools in the USA. Journal of Research in International Education, 6, 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240907069465
33.
LeeS.SuhS.YangE.JangY. (2012). History, current status, and future prospects of counseling in South Korea. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90, 494–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00061.x
34.
LeeS. M.TrevisanM. (2019). Evaluation in support of school counseling in Korea: A proposal. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 16, 63–80.
35.
LewJ. (2006). Asian Americans in class: Charting the achievement gap among Korean American youth. Teachers College Press.
36.
LewisJ. A.LewisM. D. (1989). Community counseling. Brooks/Cole.
37.
Merlin-KnoblichC.ChenJ. A. (2018). A survey of school counselor multicultural education behaviors and the obstacles that impeded them. Journal of School Counseling, 16. http://jsc.montana.edu/articles/v16n22.pdf
38.
ParkK.LimE. (2014). The study of concept mapping about experience of burnout of professional school counselors. Secondary Education Research, 62, 171–198. https://doi.org/10.25152/ser.2014.62.1.171
39.
ParkK. S.PhuaV.McNallyJ.SunR. (2005). Diversity and structure of intergenerational relationships: Elderly parent–adult child relations in Korea. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 20, 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-006-9007-1
PietrantoniZ.GlanceD. (2019). Multicultural competence training of school counselor trainees: Development of the social class and classism training questionnaire. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 47, 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12117
RattsM. J.SinghA. A.Nassar-McMillanS.ButlerS. K.McCulloughJ. R. (2016). Multicultural and social justice counseling competencies: Guidelines for the counseling profession. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 44, 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12035
44.
RogersC. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045357
45.
ShenY. J.LowingerR. J. (2007). School counselors’ self-perceived Asian American counseling competence. Professional School Counseling, 11, 69–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0701100110
46.
SingelisT. M.SharkeyW. (1995). Culture, self-construal, and embarrassability. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 622–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/002202219502600607
47.
StorlieC. A.Parker-WrightM.WooH. (2015). Multicultural leadership development: A qualitative analysis of emerging leaders in counselor education. Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy, 2, 154–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/2326716X.2015.1054078
48.
SueD. W.SueD. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (6th ed.). Wiley.
49.
SuhS.HurJ. W.LimJ. H. (2014). K-12 educators’ transformation experience through participation in an international immersion program. KAERA Research Forum, 1, 3–9.
50.
SuhS.SatcherJ. (2005). Understanding at-risk Korean American youth. Professional School Counseling, 8, 428–435.
51.
WilliamsF. C.ButlerS. K. (2003). Concerns of newly immigrated students: Implications for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 7, 9–14.
52.
YalomI. D. (2002). The gift of therapy: An open letter to a new generation of therapists and their patients. HarperCollins.
53.
YehC. J. (2001). An exploratory study of school counselors’ experiences with and perceptions of Asian-American students. Professional School Counseling, 4, 349–356.
54.
ZhouZ.SiuC. R. (2009). Promoting cultural competence in counseling Asian American children and adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 46, 290–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20375