This study examined the use of peer nominations to identify victims of bullying
in a sample of 7,889 students (grades 3–12). The overwhelming majority reported
positive responses to the survey process, which used a randomized design for
online or paper administration. School counselors interviewed students who had
three or more nominations and saw confirmed victims for follow-up. Although
further study is needed, these results support school counselor use of peer
nominations to identify victims of bullying.
BalyM.,
& CornellD.
(2011).Effects of an educational video on the
measurement of bullying by self-report. Journal of
School Violence,10,
221–238. doi:10.1080/15388220.2011.578275
4.
BalyM.,CornellD.,
& LovegroveP.
(2014).A longitudinal comparison of peer- and
self-reports of bullying victimization across middle school.
Psychology in the Schools. doi:10.1002/pits.21747
5.
BaumanS.,RigbyK.,
& HoppaK.
(2008).U.S. teachers’ and school counselors’
strategies for handling school bullying incidents.
Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental
Educational Psychology,28,
837–856.
CornellD.,
& BandyopadhyayS.
(2010).The assessment of
bullying. In
JimersonS.
R., SwearerS.
M., &
EspelageD. L.
(Eds.), The handbook of bullying in schools: An international
perspective(pp.265–276).
New York, NY:
Routledge.
8.
CornellD.,
& BrockenbroughK.
(2004).Identification of bullies and victims: A
comparison of methods. Journal of School
Violence,3, 63–87.
doi:10.1300/J202v03n02_05
9.
CornellD.,
& LimberS.
(2015).Law and policy on the concept of bullying
at school. American
Psychologist,70,
333–343.
10.
CornellD.,
& MehtaS.
(2011).Counselor confirmation of middle school
student self-reports of bullying victimization.
Professional School Counseling,14,
261–270. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2011-14.261
11.
CraigW.M.,
& PeplerD.J.
(1997).Observations of bullying and
victimization in the school yard. Canadian Journal
of School Psychology, 13(2),
41–59. doi:10.1177/082957359801300205
12.
CrossJ.,
&
Newman-GoncharR.
(2004).Data quality in student risk behavior
surveys and administrator training. Journal of
School Violence,3,
89–108. doi:10.1300/J202v03n02_06
13.
D'EspositoS.E.BlakeJ., &
RiccioC.A.
(2011).Adolescents’ vulnerability to peer
victimization: Interpersonal and intrapersonal predictors.
Professional School Counseling,14,
299–309. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2011-14.299
14.
EliotM.,CornellD.,GregoryA.,
& FanX.
(2010).Supportive school climate and student
willingness to seek help for bullying and threats of
violence. Journal of School
Psychology,48,
533–553. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2010.07.001
15.
FinneyS. J.,
& DiStefanoC.
(2006). Non-normal and categorical data in
structural equation modeling. In
HancockG. R.
& MuellerR. O.
(Eds.), Structural equation modeling: A second course.Greenwich, CT: Information Age
Publishing.
16.
FleissJ. L.,
NeeJ., &
LandisJ.R.
(1979).Large sample variance of Kappa in the
case of different sets of raters. Psychological
Bulletin,86,
974–977. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.974
17.
GrahamS.,BellmoreA.
D., &
MizeJ.
(2006).Peer victimization, aggression, and their
co-occurrence in middle school: Pathways to adjustment
problems. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology,34,
363–378. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9030-2:
18.
GreenJ.
G.,FelixE.
D., SharkeyJ.
D.FurlongM.J., &
KrasJ.E.
(2013).Identifying bully victims: Definitional
versus behavioral approaches. Psychological
Assessment,25,
651–657. doi:10.1037/a0031248
19.
GöbR.,
McCollinC.,
& RamalhotoM. F.
(2007).Ordinal methodology in the analysis of
Likert scales. Quality &
Quantity,41,
601–626.
HuangF.
(2014).Alternatives to multilevel modeling for
the single-level analysis of clustered data. Journal
of Experimental Education. Advance online
publication.
22.
HuangF.,
& CornellD.
(2015).The impact of definition and question
order on the prevalence of bullying victimization using student
self-reports. Psychological Assessment.
Advance online publication.
23.
JacobsenK.
E., &
BaumanS.
(2007). Bullying in schools: School counselors’
responses to three types of bullying incidents,
Professional School Counseling,11,
1–9.
24.
JuvonenJ.,
& GrahamS.
(2014).Bullying in schools: The power of bullies
and the plight of victims. Annual Review of
Psychology,65,
159–185. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030
25.
JuvonenJ.,NishinaA.,
& GrahamS.
(2001). Self-views versus peer perceptions of
victim status among early adolescents. In
JuvonenJ.
& GrahamS.
(Eds.), Peer harassment in school: A plight of the vulnerable and
victimized(pp.105–124).
New York, NY:
Guilford.
26.
KärnäA.,
VoetenM.,
LittleT. D.,
AlanenE.,
PoskipartaE.,
& SalmivalliC.
(2013).Effectiveness of the KiVa Antibullying
Program: Grades 1–3 and 7–9. Journal of Educational
Psychology,105,
535–551. doi:10.1037/a0030417
27.
LandisJ. R.,
& KochG.G.
(1977).The measurement of observer agreement for
categorical data.
Biometrics,33,
159–174.
28.
LeeT., &
CornellD.
(2010).Concurrent validity of the Olweus
Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Journal of School
Violence,9, 56–73.
doi:10.1080/15388220903185613
29.
MacCallumR.
C.,
ZhangS.,
PreacherK. J.
& RuckerD.D.
(2002).On the practice of dichotomization of
quantitative variables. Psychological
Methods,7, 19–40.
doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.19
30.
MerrellK.
W.,GueldenerB.
A., RossS.
W. &
IsavaD.M.
(2008).How effective are school bullying
intervention programs? A meta-analysis of intervention
research. School Psychology
Quarterly,23, 26–42.
doi:10.1037/1045-3830.23.1.26
31.
MurnaneR.,
& WilletJ.
(2011). Methods matter.New York, NY: Oxford University
Press.
32.
NakamotoJ.,
& SchwartzD.
(2010).Is peer victimization associated with
academic achievement? A meta-analytic review. Social
Development,19,
221–242.
33.
OliverC.,
& CandappaM.
(2007).Bullying and the politics of
‘telling.‘ Oxford Review of
Education,33, 71–86.
doi:10.1080/03054980601094594
34.
OlsenE. O.,
KannL.,
Vivolo-KantorA.,
KinchenS.,
& McManusT.
(2014).School violence and bullying among sexual
minority high school students, 2009–2011. Journal of
Adolescent Health,55,
432–438.
35.
OlweusD.
(1996). The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim
Questionnaire.Bergen, Norway: Mimeo, Research
Center for Health Promotion (HEMIL), University of
Bergen.
36.
OlweusD.
(2010).Understanding and researching bullying:
Some critical issues. In
JimersonS.
R., SwearerS.
M., &
EspelageD. L.
(Eds.). The handbook of bullying in schools: An international
perspective(pp.9–34).
New York, NY:
Routledge.
37.
PellegriniA.D.
(2001).Sampling instances of victimization in
middle school: A methodological comparison. In
JuvonenJ.
& GrahamS.
(Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and
victimized(pp.125–146).
New York, NY:
Guilford.
38.
PetrosinoA.,GuckenburgS.,DeVoeJ.,
HansonT.
(2010). What characteristics of bullying, bullying
victims, and schools are associated with increased reporting of bullying to
school officials?(Issues & Answers Report, REL 2010-No. 092).
Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Education, Regional Educational Laboratory Northeast and
Islands. Retrieved from http://ies.ed/gov/ncee/edlabs
39.
PhillipsV.,
& CornellD.
(2012).Identifying victims of bullying: Use of
counselor interviews to confirm peer nominations.
Professional School Counseling.15, 123–131. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2012-15.123
40.
ReijntjesA.,KamphuuisJ.
H.,
PrinzieP.,
& TelchM.J.
(2010).Peer victimization and internalizing
problems in children: A meta-analysis of longitudinal
studies. Child Abuse &
Neglect,34,
244–252.
41.
RigbyK.,
& BagshawD.
(2003).Prospects of adolescent students
collaborating with teachers in addressing issues of bullying and conflict in
schools. Educational Psychology: An International
Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology,23,
535–546. doi:10.1080/0144341032000123787
42.
SalmivalliC.
(2010).Bullying and the peer group: A
review. Aggression and Violent
Behavior,15,
112–120. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.007
43.
SawyerA.
L.,BradshawC.
P., &
O'BrennanL.
M. (2008).Examining ethnic,
gender, and developmental differences in the way children report being a
victim of ‘bullying’ on self-report measures.
Journal of Adolescent Health,43,
106–114. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.011
44.
SwearerS.
M.,EspelageD.
L.,VaillancourtT.
& HymelS.
(2010).What can be done about school bullying?
Linking research to educational practice.
Educational Researcher,39,
38–47. doi:10.3102/0013189X09357622
45.
TrachJ.,HymelS.,WaterhouseT.,
& NealeK.
(2010).Bystander responses to school bullying: A
cross-sectional investigation of grade and sex differences.
Canadian Journal of School Violence,25,
114–130. doi:10.1177/0829573509357553
46.
TtofiM.M.,
& FarringtonD.P.
(2011).Effectiveness of school-based programs to
reduce bullying: a systematic meta-analytic review.
Journal of Experimental Criminology,7,
27–56. doi:10.1007/s11292-010-9109-1
VreemanR.C.,
& CarrollA.E.
(2007).A systematic review of school-based
interventions to prevent bullying. Archives of
Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,161,
78–88. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.1.78
