This review provides an updated synthesis on peer tutoring research focusing on school-age students with mental retardation serving as tutors and/or tutees. The focus included peer tutoring implementations in the areas of academic, social, and daily living/self-help skills. Results of the 52 studies were categorized and discussed according to elementary or secondary level.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AgranM.Fodor-DavisJ.MooreS. C.MartellaR. C.Effects of peer-delivered self-instructional training on a lunch-making work task for students with severe disabilitiesEducation and Training in Mental Retardation272302401992
2.
AlmondP.RodgersS.KrugD.A model for including elementary students in the severely handicapped classroomTeaching Exceptional Children111351391979
3.
BellK. E.YoungR.SalzbergC. L.WestR. P.High school driver education using peer tutors, direct instruction, and precision teachingJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis2445511991
4.
BiklenD.CorriganC.QuickD.D. Lipsky & A. GartnerBeyond obligation: Students'relations with each other in integrated classesPaul H. BrookesBaltimore207–2211989Beyond separate education: Quality education for all
5.
BrownL.FenrickN.KlemmeH.Trainable pupils learn to teach each otherTeaching Exceptional Children418241971
6.
BrummelC.Changes in non-handicapped children's attitudes toward trainable retarded children using two methods: Buddy interacting and peer tutoring451984Dissertation Abstracts International
7.
CallanD. A.An implementation evaluation of a peer tutoring program with elementary-aged severely mentally handicapped studentsDissertation Abstracts International46 04A 1984
8.
CampbellB. J.BradyM. P.LinehanS.Effects of peer-mediated instruction on the acquisition and generalization of written capitalization skillsJournal of Learning Disabilities246141991
9.
CarltonM. B.LittonF. W.ZinkgrafS. A.The effects of an intraclass peer tutoring program on the sight-word recognition ability of students who are mildly mentally retardedMental Retardation2374781985
10.
CertoN. J.HaringN.& York R.Public school integration of the severely handicapped: Rational issues and progressive alternativesPaul H. BrookesBaltimore1984
11.
ColeD. A.VandercookT.RyndersJ.Comparison of two peer interaction programs: Children with and without severe disabilitiesAmerican Educational Research Journal254154391988
12.
CollinsB. C.BransonT. A.HallM.Teaching generalized reading of cooking product labels to adolescents with mental disabilities through the use of key words taught by peer tutors. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities3065751995
13.
CookS. B.ScruggsT. E.MastropieriM. A.CastoG. C.Handicapped students as tutorsThe Journal of Special Education194834921985
14.
CookeN. L.HeronT. E.HewardW. L.TestD. W.Integrating a Down's syndrome child in a classwide peer tutoring system: A case reportMental Retardation2022251982
15.
CusterJ. D.OsguthorpeR. T.Improving social acceptance by training handicapped students to tutor their non-handicapped peersExceptional Children501731741983
DonderD. J.Non-handicapped peer tutors with students with moderate mental retardation: Examination of changes in both tutors and tuteesDissertation Abstracts International47 07A 1986
18.
DonderD.NietupskiJ.Non-handicapped adolescents teaching playground skills to their mentally retarded peers: Toward a less restrictive middle school environmentEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded162702761981
19.
FenrickN. J.McdonnellJ.Junior high school students as teachers of the severely retarded: Training and generalizationEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded151871941980
20.
FenrickN. J.PetersenT. K.Developing positive changes in attitudes towards moderately/ severely handicapped students through a peer tutoring programEducation & Training of the Mentally Retarded1983901984
21.
Fishbach-GoodmanE. A.Training peer tutors to teach functional reading to students with multiple handicaps using constant time delayDissertation Abstracts International5710A1996
22.
FuchsL. S.FuchsD.KazdanS.Effects of peer-assisted learning strategies on high school students with serious reading problemsRemedial and Special Education203093181999
23.
HaisleyF. B.TellC. A.AndrewsJ. A.Peers as tutors in the mainstream: Trained “teachers” of handicapped adolescentsJournal of Learning Disabilities142242261981
24.
HarperG. F.MalletteB.MaheadyL.BentlyA.MooreJ.Retention and treatment failure in classwide peer tutoring: Implications for further researchJournal of Behavioral Education53994141995
25.
HarperG. F.MalletteB.MaheadyL.ParkesB.MooreJ.Retention and generalization of spelling words acquired using a peer-mediated instructional procedure by children with mild handicapping conditionsJournal of Behavioral Education325381993
26.
HarperG. F.MalletteB.MooreJ.Peer-mediated instruction: Teaching spelling to primary school children with mild disabilities. Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities71371511991
27.
HeronT. E.HewardW. L.CookeN. L.HillD. S.Evaluation of a classwide peer tutoring system: First graders teach each other sight wordsEducation and Treatment of Children61371521983
28.
HewardW. L.HeronT. E.CookeN. L.Tutor huddle: Key element in a classwide peer tutoring systemThe Elementary School Journal831151231982
29.
JenkinsJ. R.MayhallW. F.PeschkaC. M.JenkinsL. M.Comparing small group and tutorial instruction in resource roomsExceptional Children402452501974
30.
KohlF. L.MosesL. G.Stettner-EatonB. A.The results of teaching fifth and sixth graders to be instructional trainers with severely handicapped studentsJournal of the Association of the Severely Handicapped832401983
31.
KohlF. L.Stettner-EatonB. A.Fourth graders as trainers of cafeteria skills to severely handicapped studentsEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded2060681985
32.
KouryM. A.Effects of a cooperative learning approach with students with moderate retardation: Peer-tutoring tournamentsDissertation Abstracts International51 06A 1986
33.
KouryM.BrowderD. M.The use of delay to teach sight words by peer tutors classified as moderately mentally retardedEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded212522581986
34.
LancioniG. E.Employment of normal third and fourth graders for training retarded children to solve problems dealing with quantityEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded17931021982
35.
LancioniG. E. Teaching Peers / 59 Normal children as tutors to teach social responses to withdrawn mentally retarded schoolmates: Training, maintenance and generalization. Journal of Applied Behavior19821517–40
36.
LombardoV. S.The effectiveness of retarded and nonretarded tutors for educable mentally retarded children371975Dissertation Abstracts International
37.
MaheadyL.HarperG. F.SaccaM. K.A classwide peer tutoring system in a secondary, resource room program for the mildly handicappedJournal of Research and Development in Education2176831988
38.
MaherC. A.Behavioral effects of using conduct problem adolescents as cross-age tutorsPsychology in the Schools193603641982
39.
MaherC. A.Handicapped adolescents as cross-age tutors: Program description and evaluationExceptional Children5156631984
40.
MaherC. A.Direct replication of a crossage tutoring program involving handicapped adolescents and childrenSchool Psychology Review151001181986
41.
MalletteB.HarperG. F.MaheadyL.DempseyM.Retention of spelling words acquired using a peer-mediated instructional procedureEducation and Training in Mental Retardation261561641991
42.
Marchand-MartellaN. E.MartellaR. C.AgranM.SalzbergC. L.YoungK. R.MorganD.Generalized effects of peer-delivered first aid to students with intellectual disabilitiesJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis258418511992
43.
MastropieriM. A.BoonR. T.SpencerV. G.ScruggsT. E.MillerM.FontanaJ.MaganaM.Can high school students with disabilities learn world history if they tutor each other? A preliminary investigationWashington2001. AprilPaper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Seattle
44.
MastropieriM. A.ScruggsT. E.MohlerL.BaranekM.SpencerV. G.BoonR. T.TalbottE.Can middle school students with serious reading difficulties help each other and learn anything?Learning Disabilities Research & Practice1618272001
45.
MastropieriM. A.SpencerV. G.ScruggsT. E.TalbottE.ScruggsT. E.MastropieriM. A.Students with disabilities as tutors: An updated research synthesisAdvances in learning and behavioral disabilitiesJAI Press IncStamford14247–2792000
46.
MccrackenS. J.The effect of a peer tutoring program utilizing data-based instruction on the word recognition and reading comprehension skills of secondary age level handicapped studentsDissertation Abstracts International41979
47.
MortweetS. L.UtleyC. A.WalkerD.DawsonH. L.DelquadriJ. C.ReddyS. S.GreenwoodC. R.HamiltonS.LedfordD.Classwide peer tutoring: Teaching students with mild mental retardation in inclusive classroomsExceptional Children655245361999
48.
NollM. E.The effects of a peer tutoring program on the attitude and behavior on nonhandicapped students toward their severely handicapped peersDissertation Abstracts International471A1985
49.
OlsenD. H.The effects of a cross-age tutoring program on the reading achievement of mildly retarded student tutees and on the attitudes of normal fifth and sixth grade elementary school students tutors toward retarded childrenDissertation Abstracts International393A1978
50.
OsguthorpeR. T.EisermanW. D.ShislerL.Increasing social acceptance: Mentally retarded students tutoring regular class peersEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded202352401985
51.
OsguthorpeR. T.ScruggsT. E.Special education students as tutors: A review and analysisRemedial and Special Education7415251986
52.
SchlossP. J.KobzaS. A.AlperS.The use of peer tutoring for the acquisition of functional math skills among students with moderate retardationEducation and Treatment of Children201892081997
53.
ScruggsT. E.MastropieriM.VeitD. T.OsguthorpeR. T.Behaviorally disordered students as tutors: Effects on social behavior. Behavioral Disorders1236431986
54.
ScruggsT. E.OsguthorpeR. T.Tutoring interventions with special education settings: A comparison of cross-age and peer tutoring. Psychology in the Schools231871931986
55.
SideridisG. D.University of KansasClasswide peer tutoring: Effects on the spelling performance and social interactions of students with mild disabilities and their typical peers in an integrated instructional setting1995Unpublished doctoral dissertation
56.
SmithL. M.PfeifferI. L.Cross-age helping for the EMR childEducation and Training of the Mentally Retarded1232351977
57.
StaubD.HuntP.The effects of social interaction training on high school peer tutors of schoolmates with severe disabilitiesExceptional Children6041571993
58.
ThomasD. D.Teacher adapted classwide peer tutoring: Effects on the spelling performance and academic engagement of students with and without disabilities in an integrated instructional settingDissertation Abstracts International60 02A 1998
59.
VaccN. N.CannonS. J.Cross-age tutoring in mathematics: Sixth graders helping students who are moderately handicappedEducation and Training in Mental Retardation2689971991
60.
WhitedS. G.Mentally handicapped children as tutors: The effects of manual communication reverse-role tutoring on communication skills of retarded tutors and on attitudes of regular class tuteesDissertation Abstracts International4710A1986
61.
WiseI. B.The effects of monitoring tutors on the achievement of tutees with mild intellectual disabilitiesDissertation Abstracts International60 04A 1999Received: 24 January
