The history of the first 41 years of the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society (CHSS) was recorded in 2015 which chronicled the metamorphosis of a small informal meeting into a mature organization with bylaws, officers, committees, funded research, the Kirklin-Ashburn Fellowship, and a vision to become the premier organization of congenital heart surgery in North America. Chief among these transformations was the implementation and development of the CHSS Data Center. Member participation, fellowship education, and significant outcomes research have been the hallmark of the CHSS. This incremental historical review highlights continued CHSS sentinel advances. Fifty-three CHSS Data Center manuscripts have been published. Citation scores (number of literature citations that each manuscript has accrued) have been collated and analyzed by cohort study. The average citation score for all manuscripts was 75.4 ± 76.3 (range: 1-333). The Kirklin/Ashburn Fellowship continues to thrive with academic achievements and generous contributions to the endowment. The World Journal of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery has been adopted as the official organ of the CHSS. A Past President’s Dinner has been inaugurated serving as a senior advisory committee to the Executive Council. Toronto Work Weekends continue. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society growth has accrued to 159 active members and 82 institutional members. Future considerations include the size, content, and duration of the annual meeting; the potential for increased membership; and political penetrance into national cardiothoracic governing organizations regarding committee appointments, executive council representation, and education initiatives. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society has achieved numerous advances during this incremental period.
MavroudisCWilliamsWG. History of the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. World J Pediatr Cong Heart Surg. 2015;6(4):541–550.
2.
TruslerGACastanedaARRosenthalABlackstoneEHKirklinJWThe Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. Current result of management in transposition of the great arteries, with special emphasis on patients with associated ventricular septal defect. JACC. 1987;10:1061–1071.
3.
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4.
CastanedaARTruslerGAPaulMHBlackstoneEHKirklinJW; The Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. The early results of treatment of simple transposition in the current era. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1988;95(1):14–27.
5.
KirklinJWBlackstoneEHTchervenkovCICastanedaAR. Clinical outcomes after the arterial switch operation for transposition. Patient, support, procedural, and institutional risk factors. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. Circulation. 1992;86(5):1501–1515.
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TurleyKVerrierED. Intermediate results from the period of the congenital heart surgeons transposition study: 1985 to 1989. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society Database. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60(3):505–510.
7.
WilliamsWGQuaegebeurJMKirklinJWBlackstoneEH; The Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Outflow obstruction after the arterial switch operation: a multi-institutional study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:975–990.
8.
WellsWJBlackstoneEH; The Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Intermediate outcome after Mustard and Senning procedures: a study by the Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Pediatr Card Surg Annu Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;3:186–197.
9.
CulbertEAAshburnDACullen-DeanG; The Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Quality of life of children after repair of transposition of the great arteries. Circulation. 2003;108(7):857–862.
10.
WilliamsWGMcCrindleBWAshburnDAJonasRAMavroudisCBlackstoneEH; The Congenital Heart Surgeon’s Society. Outcomes of 829 neonates with complete transposition of the great arteries 12-17 years after repair. Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg. 2003;24(1):1–10.
11.
Al-JughimanMKAl-OmairMAVan ArsdellGSMorellVOJacobsML. D-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (D-TGA/VSD/LVOTO): a survey of perceptions, preferences, and experience. Pediatr Cardiol. 2015;36(5):896–905. doi:10.1007/s00246-015-1092-x.
12.
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HanleyFLSadeRMFreedomRMBlackstoneEHKirklinJW. Outcomes in critically ill neonates with pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum: a multi-institutional study. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(1):183–192.
14.
AshburnDABlackstoneEHWellsWJ; Congenital Heart Surgeons Study members. Determinants of mortality and type of repair in neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127(4):1000–1007; discussion 1007-1008.
15.
KaramlouTPoynterJAWaltersHLIII. Long-term functional health status and exercise test variables for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: a Congenital Heart Surgeons Society study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(4):1018–1025; discussion 1025-1027. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.092.
16.
JonasRAQuaegebeurJMKirklinJWBlackstoneEHDaicoffG. Outcomes in patients with interrupted aortic arch and ventricular septal defect. A multi-institutional study. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;107(4):1099–109; discussion 1109-1113.
17.
ChinAJJacobsML. Morphology of the ventricular septal defect in two types of interrupted aortic arch. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1996;9(2):199–201.
18.
McCrindleBWTchervenkovCIKonstantinovIE; Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. Risk factors associated with mortality and interventions in 472 neonates with interrupted aortic arch: a Congenital Heart Surgeons Society study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129(2):343–350.
19.
KonstantinovIEKaramlouTBlackstoneEH. Truncus arteriosus associated with interrupted aortic arch in 50 neonates: a Congenital Heart Surgeons Society study. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81(1):214–222.
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KonstantinovIEKaramlouTWilliamsWG; Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. Surgical management of aortopulmonary window associated with interrupted aortic arch: a Congenital Heart Surgeons Society study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131(5):1136–1141.e2.
21.
JegatheeswaranAMcCrindleBWBlackstoneEH. Persistent risk of subsequent procedures and mortality in patients after interrupted aortic arch repair: a Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;140(5):1059–1075.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.07.067.
22.
KaramlouTAshburnDACaldaroneCA; Members of the Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Matching procedure to morphology improves outcomes in neonates with tricuspid atresia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130(6):1503–1510.
23.
WilderTJZiemerGHickeyEJ. Surgical management of competing pulmonary blood flow affects survival before Fontan/Kreutzer completion in patients with tricuspid atresia type I. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150(5):1222–1230.e7. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.067.
24.
KaramlouTBlackstoneEHHawkinsJW; The Pulmonary Conduit Working Group for the members of the Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Can pulmonary conduit dysfunction and failure be reduced in infants and children less than age two years at initial implantation? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132(4);829–838.
25.
HickeyEJMcCrindleBWBlackstoneEH; The CHSS Pulmonary Conduit Working Group. Jugular venous valved conduit (Contegra®) matches allograft performance in infant truncus arteriosus repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33(5):890–898.
26.
PoynterJAEghtesadyPMcCrindleBW; Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Association of pulmonary conduit type and size with durability in infants and young children. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;96(5):1695–701; discussion 1701-1702.
27.
QuaegebeurJMJonasRAWeinbergADBlackstoneEHKirklinJW. Outcomes in seriously ill neonates with coarctation of the aorta. A multi-institutional study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;108(5):841–51; discussion 852-854.
28.
JacobsMLBlackstoneEHBaileyLL. Intermediate survival in neonates with aortic atresia: a multi-institutional study. The Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116(3):417–431.
29.
AshburnDAMcCrindleBWTchervenkovCI. Outcomes after the Norwood operation in neonates with critical aortic stenosis or aortic valve atresia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;125(5):1070–1082.
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HickeyEJCaldaroneCABlackstoneEH; Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Critical left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: the disproportionate impact of biventricular repair in borderline cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;134(6):1429–36; discussion 1436-1437.
31.
HickeyEJYehTJrJacobsJP. Ross and Yasui operations for complex biventricular repair in infants with critical left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;37(2):279–288. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.06.060.
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WilderTJMcCrindleBWPhillipsAB. Survival and right ventricular performance for matched children after stage-1 Norwood: Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt versus right-ventricle-to-pulmonary-artery conduit. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150(6):1440–50, 1452.e1–8; discussion 1450-1452. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.06.069.
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WilderTJMcCrindleBWHickeyEJ; Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Is a hybrid strategy a lower-risk alternative to stage 1 Norwood operation? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;153(1):163–172.e6. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021.
34.
MezaJMJaquissRDAndersonBR; Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Current practices in the timing of stage 2 palliation. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2017;8(2):135–141. doi: 10.1177/2150135116677253.
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MezaJMHickeyEMcCrindleB; Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society Timing of S2P Working Group. The optimal timing of stage-2-palliation after the Norwood operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;105(1):193–199. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.05.041.
36.
LoflandGKMcCrindleBWWilliamsWG. Critical aortic stenosis in the neonate: a multi-institutional study of management, outcomes, and risk factors. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121(1):10–27.
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McCrindleBWBlackstoneEHWilliamsWG. Are outcomes of surgical versus transcatheter balloon valvotomy equivalent in neonatal critical aortic stenosis?Circulation. 2001;104(12 suppl 1):I152–I158.
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HickeyEJCaldaroneCABlackstoneEH; Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society. Biventricular strategies for neonatal critical aortic stenosis: high mortality associated with early reintervention. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144(2):409–417, 417.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.09.076.
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