Asthma Control and Asthma Triggers

Abstract

Objective. Little is known about the lifestyle adjustments made by patients with asthma to reduce symptoms and maintain control when exposed to environmental triggers. The objectives of this study were to understand patient perspectives on asthma control, the triggers they identify in their lives, and any lifestyle adjustments they make to control their asthma by avoiding or managing known or perceived triggers. Methods. Focus groups were conducted with patients in the United States who had clinically documented persistent asthma. Participants completed a sociodemographic form and the Asthma Control Test (ACT), on which a score of 19 or lower indicates that asthma may not be well controlled. Results. A total of 19 participants participated in 1 of 2 focus groups. Most participants (n = 14; 74%) reported moderate asthma; 3 (16%) reported mild, and 2 (10%) severe. Mean ACT total score was 16 ± 4; 15 (79%) participants had a score of ≤19, and 4 (21%) participants had a score of ≥20. The most common asthma triggers affecting patients included indoor/outdoor allergens (n = 14; 74%), environmental pollutants/irritants (n = 6; 32%), foods (n = 6; 32%), strong odors (n = 5; 26%), and weather (n = 5; 26%). Additional triggers reported by some patients included exercise, stress, sinusitis/respiratory infections, medications, and strong emotions. Patient-reported behaviors used to maintain asthma control included use of controller medication, use of rescue medication, avoidance of asthma triggers, and relaxation or breathing exercises. Conclusions. Participants perceived themselves to experience symptoms or exacerbations when encountering triggers and to make frequent lifestyle adjustments to cope with triggers encountered.