Biblical scholars and translations since John Calvin have generally understood διδακτικός in 1 Tim 3.2 and 2 Tim 2.24 as “skillful in teaching,” with a minority holding to “teachable.” Yet neither view has adequately taken into account either the linguistic evidence or contextual considerations. This article contends that, based on semantic and contextual data, διδακτικός should be translated “characterized by teaching,” that is, focusing on the fact that the would-be overseer and the “servant of the Lord” should both already have experience teaching.
Augustine of Hippo. 1887. On Baptism, Against the Donatists. Trans. KingJ. R. In vol. 4 of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature. Cited 30December2016. Online: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/14085.htm.
2.
BlackDavid Alan. 1995. Linguistics for Students of New Testament Greek: A Survey of Basic Concepts and Applications. 2nd ed.Grand Rapids: Baker.
3.
ChurchAlonzo. 1951. “The Need for Abstract Entities.” American Academy of Arts and Sciences Proceedings80: 100–113. Repr. as “Intensional Semantics,” pages 61–68 in The Philosophy of Language, edited by MartinichA. P.4th ed.New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
4.
CalvinJohn. 1948. Commentaries on the Epistles to Timothy, Titus, and Philemon. Translated by William Pringle. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Cyprian of Carthage. 1886. Epistles. Translated by WallisRobert Ernest. In vol. 5 of Anti-Nicene Fathers. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature. Cited 30December2016. Online: http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/050673.htm.
8.
EngelmannMichaela. 2012. Unzertrennliche Drillinge? Motivsemantische Untersuchungen zum Literarischen Verhältnis der Pastoralbriefe. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 192. Berlin: De Gruyter.
9.
FitzmyerJoseph A.1980. “The Office of Teaching in the Christian Church according to the New Testament.” Pages 186–212 in Teaching Authority and Infallibility in the Church. Edited by EmpiePaul C.MurphyT. AustinBurgessJoseph A. Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue 6. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg.
10.
GoodrichJohn K.2013. “Overseers as Stewards and the Qualifications for Leadership in the Pastoral Epistles.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft104: 77–97.
11.
HaydockLeo, ed. 1991. The Douay–Rheims New Testament of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ with a Comprehensive Catholic Commentary. Vol. 2 of The Douay–Rheims with a Comprehensive Catholic Commentary. Monrovia, CA: Catholic Treasures.
12.
HendriksenWilliamKistemakerSimon J.1996. Thessalonians, the Pastorals, and Hebrews. New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker.
13.
HimesPaul A.2014. Foreknowledge and Social Identity in 1 Peter. Eugene, OR: Pickwick.
14.
HirschE. D.Jr.1967. Validity in Interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
15.
Ignatius. Longer Recension (Epistulae interpolatae et epistulae suppositiciae). Online: http://www.tlg.uci.edu.
16.
JannarisA. N.1897. An Historical Greek Grammar. London: MacMillan.
17.
KatzJerrold J.1972. Semantic Theory. New York: Harper & Row.
18.
KnightGeorge W.III. 1991. The Pastoral Epistles. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
19.
LeeJohn A. L.2003. A History of New Testament Lexicography. Studies in Biblical Greek 8. New York: Peter Lang.
20.
LyonsJohn. 1968. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21.
LyonsJohn. 1981. Language and Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22.
MarshallI. Howard. 2004. The Pastoral Epistles. International Critical Commentary. Revised edition. London: T&T Clark.
23.
MerkleBenjamin L.2014. “Are the Qualifications for Elders or Overseers Negotiable?” Bibliotheca Sacra171: 172–88.
24.
MoultonJames HopeHowardW. F.1920. Accidence and Word Formation. Vol. 2 of A Grammar of New Testament Greek. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
25.
MounceWilliam D.2000. Pastoral Epistles. Word Biblical Commentary 46. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.
26.
NidaEugene A.LouwJohannes P.1992. Lexical Semantics of the Greek New Testament: A Supplement to the Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. SBL Resources for Biblical Study 25. Atlanta, GA: Scholars.
27.
NordChristiane. 1997. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained. Translating Theories Explored. London: Routledge.
28.
Nova Vulgata: Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio. 1979. Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Origen. Philocalia sive Ecloga de operibus Origenis a Basilio et Gregorio Nazianzeno facta. Online: http://www.tlg.uci.edu.
34.
Philo. 1993. The Works of Philo (English). Translated by YongeC. D.Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.
35.
Philo. 2005. Works of Philo (Greek). Edited by BorgenPederFuglsethKåreSkarstenRoald. The Norwegian Philo Concordance Project.
36.
PietersenLloyd K.2004. The Polemic of the Pastorals: A Sociological Examination of the Development of Pauline Christianity. London: T&T Clark.
37.
PorterStanley E.1996. Studies in the Greek New Testament: Theory and Practice. Studies in Biblical Greek 6. New York: Peter Lang.
38.
PorterStanley E.2017. “So What Have We Learned in the Last Thirty Years of Greek Linguistic Study?” Pages 9–38 in Getting Into the Text: New Testament Essays in Honor of David Alan Black. Edited by AkinDaniel L.HudginsThomas W.Eugene, OR: Pickwick.
39.
QuinnJerome D.WackerWilliam C.2000. The First and Second Letters to Timothy: A New Translation with Notes and Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
40.
ReißKatharinaVermeerHans J.2013. Towards a General Theory of Translational Action: Skopos Theory Explained. Translated by Christiane Nord. Manchester, UK: St. Jerome.
41.
Riches de LevanteEdward, ed. 1901. The Acts of the Apostles–Revelation. Vol. 6 of The Hexaglot Bible. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
42.
RobertsonA. T.DavisW. Hersey. 1958. A New Short Grammar of the Greek Testament. 10th ed.Grand Rapids: Baker.
43.
RoloffJürgen. 1988. Der erste Brief an Timotheus. Evangelisch-katholischer Kommentar 15. Zürich: Benziger.
44.
de SaussureFerdinand. 1993. Troisième cours de linguistique générale (1910–1911): d’après les cahiers d’Emile Constantin. Edited and translated by KomatusEisukeHarrisRoy. Oxford: Pergamon.
Sextus Empiricius. 2000. Outlines of Pyrrhonism. Translated by BuryR. G. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
49.
SmithClaire S.2012. Pauline Communities as “Scholastic Communities”: A Study of the Vocabulary of “Teaching” in 1 Corinthians, 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2.335. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
50.
SperberDanWilsonDeirdre. 1995. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. 2nd ed.Oxford: Blackwell.
51.
SpicqCeslas. 1969. Les Épitres Pastorales. Études Bibliques. 4th ed.Paris: J. Gabalda.
52.
StehleMatthias. 1976. Greek Word Building. Revised by Herbert Zimmermann. Translated by ChurchF. ForresterHansonJohn S. SBL Sources for Biblical Study 10. Missoula, MT: Scholars.
53.
TownerPhilip H.2006. The Letters to Timothy and Titus. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
54.
TwomeyJay. 2009. The Pastoral Epistles through the Centuries. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
55.
WinerGeorge Benedict. 1869. A Grammar of the Idiom of the New Testament. 7th ed. Revised by Gottlieb Lünemann. Translated by Masson. Andover: Draper.
