Development and initial testing of a school based teaching program for testicular self examination to support earlier identification of testicular cancer and congenital or acquired abnormalities in the scrotum & testis

Abstract

Objective:

Testicular cancer, the most common malignancy in young UK men, demands early detection for improved survival rates. Low levels of knowledge about testicular malignancy and self-examination among parents, boys, and young men contribute to delays in accessing care. This study addresses this gap by developing and evaluating educational videos on testicular health for school-aged children, aiming to improve health literacy and promote early presentation.

Methods:

The phased development involved expert opinion, literature review, and collaboration with animators and teachers, resulting in a co-designed educational video. The study assessed the video’s educational value through a trial with 90 participants aged 16–17 years, using the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate reactions, learning, and behaviour changes.

Results:

Results indicate a positive response, with 65.9% of participants finding the video interesting or very interesting. Knowledge improvement was evident, with significant increases from 32.26% to 89.25% in correct responses regarding self-examination frequency. Furthermore, confidence in handling testicular lumps increased significantly from 20.2% to 88.3% between pre- and post-video viewing. Thematic analysis revealed key messages centred on regular self-examination, seeking professional help, and the importance of early detection. Teacher feedback emphasised the video’s duration and resource adequacy.

Conclusion:

The study’s innovative approach, integrating animated videos into school-based health education, provides a feasible strategy to enhance health literacy and empower young males to engage in regular self-examination. Positive outcomes support the inclusion of this educational intervention in the national PHSE (personal, social health, and economic education) curriculum, contributing to broader efforts for early detection and improved health outcomes in the prevention of testicular cancer nationally.

Level of evidence:

2b Manuscript