The management of acute pain, especially post-operative pain, in patients on high-dose opioids is a challenge that requires in-depth knowledge of pharmacokinetics and the formulation of a careful management plan in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms and inadequate pain management.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
JamesCWilliamsJE. How should patients on long-term opioids be managed prior to surgery. British Journal of Hospital Medicine2006;67:500–501.
2.
LewisNLWilliamsJE. Acute pain management in patients receiving opioids for chronic and cancer pain Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain.2005;5:127–129.
3.
MehtaVLangfordRM. Acute pain management for opioid dependent patients. Anaesthesia2006;61:269–276.
