Crouching tiger,hidden dragon: insulin resistance and the risk of atrial fibrillation

Packer DL Mark DB Robb RA , et al. Effect of catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy on mortality, stroke, bleeding, and cardiac arrest among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321: 1261–1274.

Huxley RR Lopez FL Folsom AR , et al. Absolute and attributable risks of atrial fibrillation in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 2011; 123: 1501–1508.

Chamberlain AM Agarwal SK Ambrose M , et al. Metabolic syndrome and incidence of atrial fibrillation among blacks and whites in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am Heart J 2010; 159: 850–856.

Pallisgaard JL Schjerning A-M Lindhardt TB , et al. Risk of atrial fibrillation in diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23: 621–627.

Lee Y, Cha SJ, Park JH et al. Association between insulin resistance and risk of atrial fibrillation in non-diabetics. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 2020; 27: 1934–1941.

Matthews DR Hosker JP Rudenski AS , et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 412–419.

Vardeny O Gupta DK Claggett B , et al. Insulin resistance and incident heart failure the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). JACC Heart Fail 2013; 1: 531–536.

Gayoso-Diz P Otero-González A Rodriguez-Alvarez MX , et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocrine Disord 2013; 13: 47.

Fontes JD Lyass A Massaro JM , et al. Insulin resistance and atrial fibrillation (from the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2012; 109: 87–90.

Garg PK Biggs ML Kaplan R , et al. Fasting and post-glucose load measures of insulin resistance and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28: 716–721.

Bakker LE Sleddering MA Schoones JW , et al. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in South Asians. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169: R99–R114.

Persson CE Adiels M Björck L , et al. Young women, body size and risk of atrial fibrillation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25: 173–180.

Suskin NG Heigenhauser G Afzal R , et al. The effects of exercise training on insulin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 14: 803–808.

Morseth B Løchen M-L Ariansen I , et al. The ambiguity of physical activity, exercise and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25: 624–636.

Hellgren MI Daka B Jansson P-A , et al. Insulin resistance predicts early cardiovascular morbidity in men without diabetes mellitus, with effect modification by physical activity. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 22: 940–949.

Polovina M Hindricks G Maggioni A , et al. Association of metabolic syndrome with non-thromboembolic adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39: 4030–4039.