GrundySMStoneNJBaileyAL, et al.2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol2019; 73: 3168–3209.
2.
MitchellJDPaisleyRMoonP, et al.Coronary artery calcium and long-term risk of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke: The Walter Reed Cohort Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging2018; 11: 1799–1806.
3.
BudoffMJYoungRBurkeG, et al.Ten-year association of coronary artery calcium with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Eur Heart J2018; 39: 2401–2408.
4.
BaggishALLevineBD. Coronary artery calcification among endurance athletes: “Hearts of Stone”. Circulation2017; 136: 149–151.
5.
GrazioliGSanz de la GarzaMVidalB, et al.Prevention of sudden death in adolescent athletes: Incremental diagnostic value and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests. Eur J Prev Cardiol2017; 24: 1446–1454.
6.
ChughSSWeissJB. Sudden cardiac death in the older athlete. J Am Coll Cardiol2015; 65: 493–502.
7.
MerghaniAMaestriniVRosminiS, et al.Prevalence of subclinical coronary artery disease in masters endurance athletes with a low atherosclerotic risk profile. Circulation 2017; 136: 126–137. .
8.
MohlenkampSLehmannNBreuckmannF, et al.Running: the risk of coronary events: Prevalence and prognostic relevance of coronary atherosclerosis in marathon runners. Eur Heart J2008; 29: 1903–1910.
9.
DeFinaLFRadfordNBBarlowCE, et al.Association of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with high levels of physical activity and concurrent coronary artery calcification. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 4: 174–181. .
10.
Fiuza-LucesCSantos-LozanoAJoynerM, et al.Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: Beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors. Nat Rev Cardiol 2018; 15: 731–743. .
11.
LemezSBakerJ. Do elite athletes live longer? A systematic review of mortality and longevity in elite athletes. Sports Med Open2015; 1: 16 .
12.
RadfordNBDeFinaLFLeonardD, et al.Cardiorespiratory fitness, coronary artery calcium, and cardiovascular disease events in a cohort of generally healthy middle-age men: Results from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Circulation2018; 137: 1888–1895.
13.
MandsagerKHarbSCremerP, et al.Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with long-term mortality among adults undergoing exercise treadmill testing. JAMA Netw Open2018; 1: e183605.
14.
KimJHMalhotraRChiampasG, et al.Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med2012; 366: 130–140.
15.
SuvilaKMcCabeELLehtonenA, et al.Early onset hypertension is associated with hypertensive end-organ damage already by midlife. Hypertension2019. Epub ahead of print 1 July 2019. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13069.
16.
LechnerKvon SchackyCMcKenzieAL, et al.Lifestyle factors and high-risk atherosclerosis: Pathways and mechanisms beyond traditional risk factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020; 27: 394–406.
17.
GronhojMHGerkeOMickleyH, et al.External validity of a cardiovascular screening including a coronary artery calcium examination in middle-aged individuals from the general population. Eur J Prev Cardiol2018; 25: 1156–1166.
18.
CarrJJJacobsDRJrTerryJG, et al.Association of coronary artery calcium in adults aged 32 to 46 years with incident coronary heart disease and death. JAMA Cardiol2017; 2: 391–399.
19.
MitchellJDFergestromNGageBF, et al.Impact of statins on cardiovascular outcomes following coronary artery calcium scoring. J Am Coll Cardiol2018; 72: 3233–3242.
