LibbyPRidkerPMMaseriA. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation2002; 105: 1135–1143.
2.
SabatineMSGiuglianoRPWiviottSD, et al.Open-Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDLCI. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med2015; 372: 1500–1509.
3.
RidkerPMEverettBMThurenT, et al.for the CANTOS Trial Group. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med2017; 377: 1119–1131.
4.
SteinbergD. Hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in atherogenesis: two sides of the same coin. Mol Nutr Food Res2005; 49: 995–998.
5.
GeovaniniGRLibbyP. Atherosclerosis and inflammation: overview and updates. Clin Sci (Lond)2018; 132: 1243–1252.
6.
Vallejo-VazAJAkramAKondapally SeshasaiSR, et al.Pooling and expanding registries of familial hypercholesterolaemia to assess gaps in care and improve disease management and outcomes: rationale and design of the global EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration. Atherosclerosis Suppl2016; 22: 1–32.
7.
ChristensenJJOsnesLTHalvorsenB, et al.Altered leukocyte distribution under hypercholesterolemia: a cross-sectional study in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis2017; 256: 67–74.
8.
EscateRPadroTBorrell-PagesM, et al.Macrophages of genetically characterized familial hypercholesterolaemia patients show up-regulation of LDL-receptor-related proteins. J Cell Mol Med2017; 21: 487–499.
9.
EscateRMataPCepedaJM, et al.miR-505-3p controls chemokine receptor up-regulation in macrophages: role in familial hypercholesterolemia. FASEB J. Epub ahead of print 4 January 2018. DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700476R.
10.
GuardamagnaOAbelloFSaraccoP, et al.Endothelial activation, inflammation and premature atherosclerosis in children with familial dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis2009; 207: 471–475.
11.
CharakidaMTousoulisDSkoumasI, et al.Inflammatory and thrombotic processes are associated with vascular dysfunction in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis2009; 204: 532–537.
12.
NenseterMSNarverudIGraesdalA, et al.Elevated serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: effects of LDL-apheresis. Cytokine2013; 61: 194–198.
13.
NarverudIUelandTNenseterMS, et al.Children with familial hypercholesterolemia are characterized by an inflammatory imbalance between the tumor necrosis factor alpha system and interleukin-10. Atherosclerosis2011; 214: 163–168.
14.
RealJTMartinez-HervasSGarcia-GarciaAB, et al.Circulating mononuclear cells nuclear factor-kappa B activity, plasma xanthine oxidase, and low grade inflammatory markers in adult patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur J Clin Invest2010; 40: 89–94.
15.
ChengHMYeZXChiouKR, et al.Vascular stiffness in familial hypercholesterolaemia is associated with C-reactive protein and cholesterol burden. Eur J Clin Invest2007; 37: 197–206.
16.
CatapanoALGrahamIDe BackerG, et al.2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR). Atherosclerosis2016; 253: 281–344.
17.
LeipoldRRaalFIshakJ, et al.The effect of lomitapide on cardiovascular outcome measures in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a modelling analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol2017; 24: 1843–1850.
18.
ChruścielPSahebkarARembek-WieliczkoM, et al.Impact of statin therapy on plasma adiponectin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trial arms. Atherosclerosis2016; 253: 194–208.
19.
SahebkarAKotaniKSerbanC, et al.Statin therapy reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentrations: a meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis2015; 241: 433–442.
20.
SahebkarASerbanCMikhailidisDP, et al.Lipid, Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group. Association between statin use and plasma d-dimer levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Thromb Haemost2015; 114: 546–557.
21.
ParsamaneshNMoossaviMBahramiA, et al.NLRP3 inflammasome as a treatment target in atherosclerosis: a focus on statin therapy. Int Immunopharmacol2019; 73: 146–155.
22.
UelandTVissersMNWiegmanA, et al.Increased inflammatory markers in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur J Clin Invest2006; 36: 147–152.
23.
van WissenSTripMDSmildeTJ, et al.Differential hs-CRP reduction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with aggressive or conventional statin therapy. Atherosclerosis2002; 165: 361–366.
24.
van HaelstPLvan DoormaalJJAsselbergsFW, et al.Correlates of endothelial function and their relationship with inflammation in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Clin Sci (Lond)2003; 104: 627–632.
25.
HolvenKBNarverudILindvigHW, et al.Subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia are characterized by an inflammatory phenotype despite long-term intensive cholesterol lowering treatment. Atherosclerosis2014; 233: 561–567.
26.
HovlandAAagnesIBrekkeOL, et al.No evidence of impaired endothelial function or altered inflammatory state in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with statins. J Clin Lipidol2010; 4: 288–292.
27.
EllisKLPangJSchultzCJ, et al.New data on familial hypercholesterolaemia and acute coronary syndromes: the promise of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies in the light of recent clinical trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol2017; 24: 1200–1205.
28.
BandyopadhyayDAshishKHajraA, et al.Cardiovascular outcomes of PCSK9 inhibitors: with special emphasis on its effect beyond LDL-cholesterol lowering. J Lipids2018; 2018: 3179201–3179201.
29.
LiberaleLMontecuccoFCamiciGG, et al.Treatment with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors to reduce cardiovascular inflammation and outcomes. Curr Med Chem2017; 24: 1403–1416.
30.
StefanuttiCZentiMG. Lipoprotein apheresis and PCSK9-inhibitors. Impact on atherogenic lipoproteins and anti-inflammatory mediators in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Curr Pharm Des2018; 24: 3634–3637.
31.
StefanuttiCMazzaFPasqualettiD, et al.Lipoprotein apheresis downregulates IL-1alpha, IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in severe dyslipidaemia. Atherosclerosis Suppl2017; 30: 200–208.
32.
ZanettiMZentiMBarazzoniR, et al.HELP LDL apheresis reduces plasma pentraxin 3 in familial hypercholesterolemia. PLoS One2014; 9: e101290–e101290.
33.
CasulaMMontecuccoFBonaventuraA, et al.Update on the role of pentraxin 3 in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol2017; 99: 1–12.
34.
HaggerMSHardcastleSJHuM, et al.Health literacy in familial hypercholesterolemia: a cross-national study. Eur J Prev Cardiol2018; 25: 936–943.
35.
SbranaFFerrantiSBigazziF, et al.Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and HIV infection: the appropriate therapeutic flow chart is still to be written?Eur J Prev Cardiol2018; 25: 503–504.