Electronic cigarettes: Replacing one evil with another?

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking 2000-2025, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018, www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/trends-tobacco-smoking-second-edition/en (2018, accessed 23 April 2019).

World Health Organization. WHO global report: mortality attributable to tobacco, www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/rep_mortality_attributable/en/ (2012, accessed 23 April 2019).

Aune

Schlesinger

Norat

et al.

Tobacco smoking and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25: 1437–1451.

Hajek

Phillips-Waller

Przulj

et al.

A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 629–637.

Orr

. Electronic cigarettes in the USA: A summary of available toxicology data and suggestions for the future. Tob Control 2014; 23(Suppl. 2): ii18–ii22.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/24952.

Prochaska

. The public health consequences of e-cigarettes: A review by the National Academies of Sciences. A call for more research, a need for regulatory action. Addiction 2019; 114: 587–589.

Skotsimara G, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, et al. Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarette: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 26: 1219–1228.

Alzahrani

Pena

Temesgen

et al.

Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55: 455–461.

10.

Mirbolouk

Charkhchi

Kianoush

et al.

Prevalence and distribution of e-cigarette use among U.S. adults: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2016. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169: 429–438.

11.

Jaber

Mirbolouk

DeFilippis

et al.

Electronic cigarette use prevalence, associated factors, and pattern by cigarette smoking status in the United States from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2013–2014. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7: e008178–e008178.

12.

Rodu

Plurphanswat

. E-cigarette use among US adults: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20: 940–948.

13.

Goniewicz

Smith

Edwards

et al.

Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1: e185937–e185937.

14.

Sansone

Stegemann

Özaslan

et al.

Early and late response-to-injury in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography: Arterial remodeling in smokers. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 4: 47–57.

15.

Heiss

Amabile

Lee

et al.

Brief secondhand smoke exposure depresses endothelial progenitor cells activity and endothelial function: Sustained vascular injury and blunted nitric oxide production. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 1760–1771.

16.

Heiss

Kleinbongard

Dejam

et al.

Acute consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa and the reversal of endothelial dysfunction in smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 1276–1283.