EstruchRRosESalas-SalvadóJ, et al.Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. N Engl J Med2018; 378: e34–e34.
2.
WangZTangWWBuffaJA, et al.Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide. Eur Heart J2014; 35: 904–910.
3.
SchuettKKleberMEScharnaglH, et al.Trimethylamine-N-oxide and heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol2017; 70: 3202–3204.
4.
Suzuki T, Yazaki Y, Voors AA, et al. Association with outcomes and response to treatment of trimethylamine N-oxide in heart failure (from BIOSTAT-CHF). Eur J Heart Fail. Epub ahead of print 29 October 2018. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1338.
5.
SuzukiTHeaneyLMBhandariSS, et al.Trimethylamine N-oxide and prognosis in acute heart failure. Heart2016; 102: 841–848.
6.
TrøseidMUelandTHovJ, et al.Microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with disease severity and survival of patients with chronic heart failure. J Intern Med2015; 277: 717–726.
7.
BennettBVallimTWangZ, et al.Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. Cell Metab2013; 17: 49–60.
8.
BusbyMGFischerLDa CostaK, et al.Choline-and betaine-defined diets for use in clinical research and for the management of trimethylaminuria. J Am Diet Assoc2004; 104: 1836–1845.
9.
HeaneyLMJonesDJMbasuRJ, et al.High mass accuracy assay for trimethylamine N-oxide using stable-isotope dilution with liquid chromatography coupled to orthogonal acceleration time of flight mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem2016; 408: 797–804.
10.
Alvarez-AlvarezIZazpeIde RojasJP, et al.Mediterranean diet, physical activity and their combined effect on all-cause mortality: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Prev Med2018; 106: 45–52.
11.
TangWWWangZLevisonBS, et al.Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med2013; 368: 1575–1584.
12.
KoethRALam-GalvezBRKirsopJ, et al.L-carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans. J Clin Invest2019; 129: 373–387.
13.
Wang Z, Bergeron N, Levison BS, et al. Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women. Eur Heart J. Epub ahead of print 10 December 2018. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy799.
14.
PiepoliMFHoesAWAgewallS, et al.2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur J Prev Cardiol2016; 23: NP1–NP96.