FerenceBAGinsbergHNGrahamIet al.Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J2017; 38: 2459–2472.
WongBKruseGKutikovaLet al.Cardiovascular disease risk associated with familial hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review of the literature. Clin Ther2016; 38: 1696–1709.
4.
LangstedAKamstrupPRBennMet al.High lipoprotein(a) as a possible cause of clinical familial hypercholesterolaemia: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol2016; 4: 577–587.
5.
FranchiniMCapuzzoELiumbrunoGM. Lipoprotein apheresis for the treatment of elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein(a): A critical literature review. Blood Transfus2016; 14: 413–418.
6.
AssmannGSchulteHvon EckardsteinA. Hypertriglyceridemia and elevated lipoprotein(a) are risk factors for major coronary events in middle-aged men. Am J Cardiol1996; 77: 1179–1184.
7.
SeedMO'ConnorBPerombelonNet al.The effect of nicotinic acid and acipimox on lipoprotein(a) concentration and turnover. Atherosclerosis1993; 101: 61–68.
8.
RobinsonJGFarnierMKrempfMet al.Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med2015; 372: 1489–1499.
9.
SabatineMSGiuglianoRPWiviottSDet al.Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med2015; 372: 1500–1509.
10.
JuliusU. History of lipidology and lipoprotein apheresis. Atheroscler Suppl2017; 30: 1–8.
11.
Bigazzi F, Sbrana F, Berretti D, et al. Reduced incidence of cardiovascular events in hyper-Lp(a) patients on lipoprotein apheresis. The G.I.L.A. (Gruppo Interdisciplinare Aferesi Lipoproteica) pilot study. Transfus Apher Sci. Epub ahead of print 1 August 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.07.015.
12.
JuliusU. Current role of lipoprotein apheresis in the treatment of high-risk patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis2018; 5: pii: E27.
13.
ThompsonGRBarbirMDaviesDet al.Efficacy criteria and cholesterol targets for LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis2010; 208: 317–321.
14.
CatapanoALGrahamIDe BackerGet al.2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J2016; 37: 2999–3058.
15.
ReinerZ. PCSK9 inhibitors–past, present and future. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol2015; 11: 1517–1521.
16.
HortonJDCohenJCHobbsHH. Molecular biology of PCSK9: Its role in LDL metabolism. Trends Biochem Sci2007; 32: 71–77.
17.
RaalFPanzVImmelmanAet al.Elevated PCSK9 levels in untreated patients with heterozygous or homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and the response to high-dose statin therapy. J Am Heart Assoc2013; 2: e000028–e000028.
18.
PećinIHartgersMLHovinghGKet al.Prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: The role of PCSK9 inhibitors. Eur J Prev Cardiol2017; 24: 1383–1401.
19.
NavareseEPKolodziejczakMSchulzeVet al.Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies in adults with hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med2015; 163: 40–51.
20.
SbranaFDal PinoBBigazziFet al.Statin intolerance in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with cardiovascular disease: After PCSK-9 antibodies what else?Eur J Prev Cardiol2017; 24: 1528–1531.
21.
MoriartyPMParhoferKGBabirakSPet al.Alirocumab in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia undergoing lipoproteinapheresis: The ODYSSEY ESCAPE trial. Eur Heart J2016; 37: 3588–3595.
22.
ZentiMGAltomariALupoMGet al.From lipoprotein apheresis to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors: Impact on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels in cardiovascular disease patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol2018; 25: 1843–1851.
23.
CastelliWP. Cholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease–the Framingham Heart Study. Can J Cardiol1988; 4: 5A–10A.
24.
BarterPGottoAMLaRosaJCet al.Treating to New Targets Investigators. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med2007; 357: 1301–1310.
25.
SinzingerHSteinerSDerflerK. Pleiotropic effects of regular lipoprotein-apheresis. Atheroscler Suppl2017; 30: 122–127.
26.
StefanuttiCMazzaFPasqualettiDet al.Lipoprotein apheresis downregulates IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in severe dyslipidaemia. Atheroscler Suppl2017; 30: 200–208.
27.
StrauchmannJWallbachMBramlageCet al.Lipoprotein apheresis reduces biomarkers of plaque destabilization and cardiovascular risk. J Clin Apher2014; 29: 235–242.
28.
RidkerPMEverettBMThurenTet al.Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med2017; 377: 1119–1131.
29.
RidkerPMMacFadyenJGEverettBMet al.Relationship of C-reactive protein reduction to cardiovascular event reduction following treatment with canakinumab: A secondary analysis from the CANTOS randomised controlled trial. Lancet2018; 391: 319–328.
30.
LappegårdKTEnebakkTThunhaugHet al.Transition from LDL apheresis to evolocumab in heterozygous FH is equally effective in lowering LDL, without lowering HDL cholesterol. Atherosclerosis2016; 251: 119–123.
31.
KawashiriMANoharaAHigashikataTet al.Impact of evolocumab treatment on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients withdrawing from regular apheresis. Atherosclerosis2017; 265: 225–230.