BenjaminEJBlahaMJChiuveSEet al.Heart disease and stroke statistics—2017 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation2017; 135: e146–e603.
2.
Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet1994; 344: 1383–1389.
3.
CannonCPBraunwaldEMcCabeCHet al.Infection Therapy–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med2004; 350: 1495–1504.
4.
LaRosaJCGrundySMWatersDDet al.Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med2005; 352: 1425–1435.
5.
LibbyP. The forgotten majority: Unfinished business in cardiovascular risk reduction. J Am Coll Cardiol2005; 46: 1225–1228.
6.
CannonCPBlazingMAGiuglianoRPet al.Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med2015; 372: 2387–2397.
7.
SabatineMSGiuglianoRPKeechACet al.FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med2017; 376: 1713–1722.
8.
RidkerPMEverettBMThurenTet al.CANTOS Trial Group. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med2017; 377: 1119–1131.
9.
NichollsSJPuriRAndersonTet al.Effect of evolocumab on progression of coronary disease in statin-treated patients: The GLAGOV randomized clinical trial. JAMA2016; 316: 2373–2384.
10.
BohulaEAGiuglianoRPLeiterLAet al.Inflammatory and cholesterol risk in the FOURIER Trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients with Elevated Risk). Circulation2018; 138: 131–140.
11.
KavurmaMMRaynerKJKarunakaranD. The walking dead: Macrophage inflammation and death in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol2017; 28: 91–98.
12.
TabasIBornfeldtKE. Macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis. Circ Res2016; 118: 653–667.
13.
BorénJOlinKLeeIet al.Identification of the principal proteoglycan-binding site in LDL. A single-point mutation in apo-B100 severely affects proteoglycan interaction without affecting LDL receptor binding. J Clin Invest1998; 101: 2658–2664.
14.
SrinivasanSRVijayagopalPDalferesERet al.Low density lipoprotein retention by aortic tissue. Atherosclerosis1986; 62: 201–208.
15.
De WintherMPvan DijkKWHavekesLMet al.Macrophage scavenger receptor class A: A multifunctional receptor in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2000; 20: 290–297.
16.
GoughPJGordonS. The role of scavenger receptors in the innate immune system. Microbes Infect2000; 2: 305–311.
17.
MillerYIChangM-KBinderCJet al.Oxidized low density lipoprotein and innate immune receptors. Curr Opin Lipidol2003; 14: 437–445.
18.
SaraswathiVHastyAH. The role of lipolysis in mediating the proinflammatory effects of very low density lipoproteins in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Lipid Res2006; 47: 1406–1415.
19.
VarboABennMTybjaerg-HansenAet al.Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease, whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation. Circulation2013; 128: 1298–1309.
20.
HanssonGK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med2005; 352: 1685–1695.
21.
HanssonGKHermanssonA. The immune system in atherosclerosis. Nat Immunol2011; 12: 204–212.
22.
BusinaroRTaglianiAButtariBet al.Cellular and molecular players in the atherosclerotic plaque progression. Ann N Y Acad Sci2012; 1262: 134–141.
23.
TabasI. Macrophage death and defective inflammation resolution in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol2010; 10: 36–46.
24.
LouisSFZahradkaP. Vascular smooth muscle cell motility: From migration to invasion. Exp Clin Cardiol2010; 15: e75–e85.
25.
PotteauxSGautierELHutchisonSBet al.Suppressed monocyte recruitment drives macrophage removal from atherosclerotic plaques of Apoe–/– mice during disease regression. J Clin Invest2011; 121: 2025–2036.
26.
BobryshevYVIvanovaEAChistiakovDAet al.Macrophages and their role in atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and transcriptome analysis. Biomed Res Int2016; 2016: 9582430–9582430.
27.
Van VréEAAit-OufellaHTedguiAet al.Apoptotic cell death and efferocytosis in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2012; 32: 887–893.
28.
MooreKJSheedyFJFisherEA. Macrophages in atherosclerosis: A dynamic balance. Nat Rev Immunol2013; 13: 709–721.
29.
RosensonRSBrewerHB JrBarterPJet al.HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Genetic insights into complex biology. Nat Rev Cardiol2018; 15: 9–19.
30.
BodenWProbstfieldJAndersonTet al.Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med2011; 365: 2255–2267.
31.
HPS2-THRIVE CollaborativeGroupLandrayMJHaynesRet al.Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med2014; 371: 203–212.
32.
BarterPJCaulfieldMErikssonMet al.Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med2007; 357: 2109–2122.
33.
SchwartzGGOlssonAGAbtMet al.Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med2012; 367: 2089–2099.
AbifadelMVarretMRabesJPet al.Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Nat Genet2003; 34: 154–156.
36.
CohenJPertsemlidisAKotowskiIKet al.Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet2005; 37: 161–165.
37.
CohenJCBoerwinkleEMosleyTH Jret al.Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med2006; 354: 1264–1272.