Metabolic syndrome and diabetes in post-acute myocardial infarction patients

Haller H . Epidemiology and associated risk factors of hyperlipoproteinemia. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1977; 32: 124–128.

Morgagni JB . The seats and causes of diseases investigated by anatomy (De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomem indagata), Vol 1, Padua: Remondini, 1975.

Reaven GM . Banting Lecture1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595–1607.

Ferranini E Haffner SM Mitchell BD et al. Hyperinsulinemia. The key feature of a cardiovascular and MetS. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 416–422.

World Health Organization. Department of Non-comunicable Disease Surveillance. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.

Grundy SM Brewer HB Jr Cleeman JL et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 2004; 109: 433–438.

Alberti KGGM Zimmet P Shaw J . for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome – a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059–1062.

Balkau B Charles MA . Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Groups for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med 1999; 16: 442–443.

Einhorn D Reaven GM Cobin RH et al. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract 2003; 9: 237–252.

Galassi A Reynolds K He J . Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis. Am J Med 2006; 119: 812–819.

Mottillo S Filion KB Genest J et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 1113–1132.

Vishram JKK Borglykke A Andreasen AH et al. on behalf of the MORGAM Project Impact of Age and Gender on the Prevalence and Prognostic Importance of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Europeans. The MORGAM Prospective Cohort Project. Plos One 2014; 9: e107294: 1–12–e107294: 1–12.

Ford ES Li C Sattar N . Metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes: current state of the evidence. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1898–1904.

Ford E . Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1769–1778.

Kristiansson K Perola M Tikkanen E et al. Genome-wide screen for metabolic syndrome susceptibility loci reveals strong lipid gene contribution but no evidence for common genetic basis for clustering of metabolic syndrome traits. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2012; 5: 242–249.

Sundström J Vallhagen E Risèrus U et al. Risk associated with the metabolic syndrome versus the sum of its individual components. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1673–1674.

Woodward M Tunstall-Pedoe H . The metabolic syndrome is not a sensible tool for predicting the risk of coronary heart disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2009; 16: 210–214.

Cavallari I, Cannon CP, Braunwald E, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome. Eur J Prev Cardiol 25: 830–838.

O’Donoghue ML Braunwald E White HD et al. Effect of darapladib on major coronary events after an acute coronary syndrome: the SOLID-TIMI 52 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 312: 1006–1015.

Udell JA Steg G Scirica BM et al. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, or both and cardiovascular risk in outpatients with or at risk for atherothrombosis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 21: 1531–1540.

Saely CH Aczel S Marte T et al. The metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 5698–5703.

Tuomilehto J Lindström J Eriksson JG et al. Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1343–1350.

Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393–403.

Salas-Salvadó J Bull M Babio N . Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with the Mediterranean diet: results of the PREDIMED-Reus nutrition intervention randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 14–19.

Lean MEJ Leslie WS Barnes AC et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2018; 391: 541–551.

Ades PA Savage PD Toth MJ et al. High-calorie-expenditure exercise: a new approach to cardiac rehabilitation for overweight coronary patients. Circulation 2009; 119: 2671–2678.

Chu P Rinske A Gotink RA et al. The effectiveness of yoga in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23: 291–307.

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants. Lancet 2016; 387: 1377–1396.

Grundy SM . Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28: 629–636.

Mozaffarian D Kamineni A Prineas RJ et al. Metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 969–978.