Biccard BM. Relationship between the inability to climb two flights of stairs and outcome after major non-cardiac surgery: implications for the pre-operative assessment of functional capacity. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 588–593.
2.
FriedLPFerrucciLDarerJet al.Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2004; 59: 255–263.
3.
FriedLPTangenCMWalstonJet al.Frailty in older adults evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2001; 56: M146–M157.
4.
VigoritoCAbreuAAmbrosettiMet al.Frailty and cardiac rehabilitation: a call for action from the EAPC Cardiac Rehabilitation Section. Eur J Prev Cardiol2017; 24: 577–590.
5.
GreenPWoglomAEGenereuxPet al.The impact of frailty status on survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in older adults with severe aortic stenosis: a single-center experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv2012; 5: 974–981.
6.
LeeDHButhKJMartinBJet al.Frail patients are at increased risk for mortality and prolonged institutional care after cardiac surgery. Circulation2010; 121: 973–978.
7.
SinghMRihalCSLennonRJet al.Influence of frailty and health status on outcomes in patients with coronary disease undergoing percutaneous revascularization. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes2011; 4: 496–502.
8.
SündermannSDademaschARastanAet al.One-year follow-up of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of Frailty test and its simplified form. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg2011; 13. 119–123; discussion 123.
9.
SchurmansHSteverinkNLindenbergSet al.Old or frail: what tells us more?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2004; 59: M962–M965.
10.
AfilaloJEisenbergMJMorinJFet al.Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol2010; 56: 1668–1676.
11.
SepehriABeggsTHassanAet al.The impact of frailty on outcomes after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2014; 148: 3110–3117.
12.
EagleKAGuytonRADavidoffRet al.ACC/AHA Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (committee to revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol1999; 34: 1262–1347.
13.
EagleKAGuytonRADavidoffRet al.ACC/AHA 2004 Guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (committee to update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery). Circulation2004; 110: e340–e437.
14.
VahanianABaumgartnerHBaxJet al.Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: the Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J2007; 28: 230–268.
15.
ButchartEGGohlke-BarwolfCAntunesMJet al.Recommendations for the management of patients after heart valve surgery. Eur Heart J2005; 26: 2463–2471.
16.
ManganoDT. Perioperative medicine: NHLBI working groups deliberations and recommendations. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth2004; 18: 1–6.
17.
SawatzkyJAVKehlerDSReadyAEet al.Prehabilitation program for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients: a pilot randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil2014; 28: 648–657.
18.
NeryRMBarbisanJN. Effect of leisure-time physical activity on the prognosis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc2010; 25: 73–78.
19.
MooneyMFitzsimonsDRichardsonG. ‘No more couch-potato!’ Patients’ experiences of a pre-operative programme of cardiac rehabilitation for those awaiting coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs2007; 6: 77–83.
20.
HerdyAMarcchiPVilaAet al.Pre- and postoperative cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in hospitalized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil2008; 87: 714–719.
21.
ArthurHMDanielsCMcKelvieRet al.Effect of a preoperative intervention on preoperative and postoperative outcomes in low-risk patients awaiting elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med2000; 133: 253–262.
22.
StammersANKehlerDSAfilaloJet al.Protocol for the PREHAB study – pre-operative rehabilitation for reduction of hospitalization after coronary bypass and valvular surgery: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open2015; 5: e007250.
23.
MarmeloFRochaVGonçalvesD. The impact of prehabilitation on post-surgical complications in patients undergoing non-urgent cardiovascular surgical intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol2018; 25: 404–417.
24.
PiepoliMCorraUBenzerWet al.Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol2010; 17: 1–17.
25.
McCormickKMNaimarkBJTateRB. Uncertainty, symptom distress, anxiety, and functional status in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart & Lung – J Acute Crit Care2006; 35: 34–45.
26.
MulganRLoganRL. The coronary bypass waiting list: a social evaluation. NZ Med J1990; 103: 371–372.
27.
WaiteIDeshpandeRBaghaiMet al.Home-based preoperative rehabilitation (prehab) to improve physical function and reduce hospital length of stay for frail patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery. J Cardiothor Surg2017; 12: 91.