Risk of Self-Mutilation In School Adolescents: A Concept Analysis and Refinement of a Nursing Diagnosis

Abstract

Purpose

To analyze the concept risk of self-mutilation in school adolescents and to refine the nursing diagnosis, Risk for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior.

Methods

Walker and Avant's theoretical framework was adopted for a concept analysis, including a scoping review. Correspondence was established between the antecedent factors identified in the concept analysis and those in the nursing diagnosis, Risk for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Potentially new diagnostic elements were proposed.

Findings

The scoping review identified 29 studies and synthesized 41 antecedents, 22 attributes, and 12 consequents. Risk of self-mutilation in school adolescents refers to susceptibility of individuals aged 13 to 18 years to deliberately inflict damage or injury on their own body tissue without suicidal intent. The most frequently antecedents found were substance abuse, excessive anxiety, female sex, depressive symptoms, poor academic performance, experiences of bullying, and disturbed interpersonal relationships.

Conclusions

Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in school adolescents requires a comprehensive approach, including identification of antecedent factors to implement preventive actions. The concept demonstrates conceptual convergence with the NANDA-I diagnosis.

Implications for nursing practice

This study provides evidence-based support for identifying vulnerable, as well as for the development and implementation of educational programs and campaigns in nursing practice.