Complicating the master plan

Cardoso R ( 2016) The circuitries of spectral urbanism: Looking underneath fantasies in Luanda’s new centralities. Urbanisation 1( 2): 95– 113.

Datta A ( 2016) Introduction: Fast cities in an urban age. In: Datta A Shaban A (eds) Mega­Urbanization in the Global South: Fast Cities and New Urban Utopias of the Post­Colonial State. London: Routledge, 1– 27.

Fält L ( 2019) New cities and the emergence of ‘privatized urbanism’ in Ghana. Built Environment 44( 4): 438– 460.

Gastrow C ( 2024) The Aesthetics of Belonging: Indigenous Urbanism and City Building in Iil-Boom Luanda. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

Hoffman D ( 2017) Monrovia Modern: Urban Form and Political Imagination in Liberia. Durham: Duke University Press.

Korah PI ( 2020) Exploring the emergence and governance of new cities in Accra, Ghana. Cities 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102639.

Lukács G ( 1972) History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics. Cambridge, MA and London, UK: The MIT Press.

Murray MJ ( 2015) City-doubles: Re-urbanism in Africa. In: Miraftab F Wilson D Salo K (eds) Cities and Inequalities in a Global and Neoliberal World. New York: Routledge, 92– 109.

Scott JC ( 1999) Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Watson V ( 2014) African urban fantasies: Dreams or nightmares? Environment and Urbanization 26( 1): 215– 231.