In recent years, increasing awareness of environmental protection has led to a growing interest in green flame retardants. Flame retardants are primarily classified into halogenated, phosphorus-based, nitrogen-containing, and inorganic compounds, with halogenated types being phased out due to toxic gas emissions during combustion. Phosphorus flame retardants, mainly phosphate esters, face challenges like leaching from polymer foams, raising health concerns through bioaccumulation and human exposure. Increasing environmental awareness has shifted research focus toward sustainable, bio-based alternatives in green flame retardant materials. The development of green flame retardant has attracted significant attention due to its ability to artificial green methods can integrate the specific performance of non-toxic materials into a polymer network and show high interest as developed flame retardants in polymer composites. This study presents various approaches to the preparation of green flame retardants with inorganic, non-toxic, natural, and biomolecule compounds. The primary focus of the results is on the impact of these compounds on the properties of polymer networks, focusing on fire safety characteristics. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the prospects for green flame retardant technology.
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