We used MR to study patients with anosmia or hypoanosmia associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, also known as Kallmann syndrome. Nine patients who clinically had Kallmann syndrome were examined by MR to evaluated the olfactory sulci and to determine the presence or absence of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. The olfactory sulci were hypoplastic in 8 cases. Normal olfactory tract and bulb were never visible. One patient had dysplastic olfactory pathways. We conclude that MR is the method of choice to evaluate patients with Kallmann syndrome.
BickDPBallabioA: Bringing Kallmann Syndrome into Focus. Am J Neuroradiol14: 852–853, 1993.
2.
FrancoBGuioliS: A gene deleted in Kallmanns syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules. Nature353: 529–536, 1991.
3.
FurxerFCarlierR: L'imagerie par resonance magnetique des voies olfatives dans le syndrome de Kallmann de Morsier. J Neuroradiol23: 223–230, 1996.
4.
KallmannFJSchoenfeldWABarreraSE: The genetic aspects of primary eunuchoidism. Am J Mental Def48: 203–236, 1944.
5.
KlingsmullerDDewesW: Magnetic resonance imaging of the braining patients with anosmia and hypothalamic hypogonadism (Kallmanns syndrome). J Clin Eadocrinol Metab62: 581–584, 1989.
6.
KnorrJRRaglandRL: Kallmann Syndrome: MR Findings. Am J Neuroradiol14: 845–851, 1993.
7.
RawsonNEBrandJG: Functionally mature olfatory neurons from two anosmic patients wilh Kallmann syndrome. Brain Res29: 58–64, 1995.
8.
Schwanzel-FukudaMBickDPfaffDW: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) expressing cells do not migrate normally in an inherited hypogonadal (Kallmann syndrome). Mol Brian Rs6: 311–326, 1989.
9.
SuzukiMTakashimaT: MR imaging of olfactory bulbs and tracts. Am J Neuroradiol10: 955–957, 1989.
10.
TruwitCLBarcovichAJ: MR Imaging of Kallmannn Syndrome, a Genetic Disorder of Neuronal Migration Affecting the Olfatory and Genital Systems. Am J Neuroradiol14: 827–838, 1993.
11.
YousemDMTurnerWJD: Kallmann Syndrome: MR Evaluation of Olfatory System. Am J Neuroradiol14: 839–843, 1993.