Lo sviluppo di nuove sequenze sensibili ai flussi in movimento ha rinnovato l'interesse per lo studio della dinamica liquorale.
Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di valutare le caratteristiche di tale circolazione mediante sequenze con immagini di ampiezza e di fase (Phase Contrast) in Cine-RM, in soggetti sani ed in pazienti con patologie del distretto intra-cranico e cervicale.
Gradient Echo sequences, especially phase contrast images have led to major advances in the study of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This study assesses this technique in the so-called «third circulation» by dynamically displayed phase and amplitude images (Cine-mode). Technical indications are given on the acquisition of the moving CSF signal together with the results obtained.
AdamsRD: Symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with «normal» cerebrospinal fluid pressure: A treatable syndrome. N Engl J Med273: 117–126, 1965.
2.
BeringEAJr: Choroid plexus and arterial pulsations of cerebrospinal fluid: Demostration of the choroid plexus as a cerebrospinal fluid pump. Arch Neurol Psychiatr73: 165–173, 1955.
3.
BeringEAJr: Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid: Demostration of the choroid plexus as the generator of the force for flow of fluid and ventricular enlargement. J Neurosurg19: 405–413, 1962.
4.
BradleyWGJr: Flowing cerebrospinal fluid in normal and hydrocephalic states: Appearance on MR images. Radiology159: 611–616, 1986.
5.
BradleyWGJrQuencerRM: Hydrocephalus, atrophy and CSF flow. In: StarkDDBradleyWG (eds): Magnetic resonance imaging. 2nd ed, Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis1992.
6.
BradleyWGJr: Cerebrospinal fluid flow pattern in hydrocephalus: Correlation of clinical and phantom studies using MR imaging (abstr). Radiology165 (P): 78–79, 1987.
7.
Citrin: Physiology of the CSF flow-void sign: Modification by cardiac gating. Am J Radiol148: 205–208, 1987.
8.
DuBoulayGH: Pulsatile movements in the CSF pathways. Br J Radiology39: 255–262, 1966.
9.
DuBoulayGH: Further investigations on pulsatile movements in the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Acta Radiol13: 496–523, 1972.
10.
EdelmanRR: Multiphasic MR imaging: A new method for direct imaging of pulsatile CSF flow. Radiology161: 779–783, 1986.
11.
FeinbergDAMarkAS: Human brain motion and cerebrospinal fluid circulation demonstrated with MR velocity imaging. Radiology163: 793–799, 1987.
12.
HahnEL: Detection of sea-water motion by nuclear precession. J Geophys Res65: 776–777, 1960.
13.
HakimSAdamsRD: The special clinical problem of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure: Observations on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. J Neurol Sci2: 307–327, 1965.
14.
HollandGN: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography of the brain: Coronal and sagittal sections. J Comput Assist Tomogr4: 429–433, 1980.
15.
KempSS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral aqueduct. Neuroradiology29: 431–436, 1987.
16.
LaneBKricheffII: Cerebrospinal fluid pulsations at myelography: A videodensitometric study. Radiology110: 579–587, 1974.
