BernardiBZimmermannRA: Magnetic resonance tomographic angiography in the investigation of hemifacial spasm. Neuroradiology, 35: 606–611, 1993.
2.
JannettaPJ: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. In: The facial nerve, Mark May, New York, Thieme Inc, 1986: 499–508.
3.
OashyNYasumuraS: Involvement of the VIIIth cranial nerve and the brainstem in patients with hemifacial spasm. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh), 111: 1060–1064, 1991.
4.
EhniGWoltmanHW: Hemifacial spasm. Review of one hundred and six cases. Arch Neurol Psychiat, 53: 205–211, 1985.
5.
JannettaPJAbbasyM: Etiology and definitive microsurgical treatment of hemifacial spasm. Operative techniques and results in 47 patients. J Neurosurg, 47: 321–328, 1977.
6.
NagahiroSTakadaA: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Patterns of vascular compression in unsuccessfully operated patients. J Neurosurg, 75: 388–392, 1991.
7.
SobelDNormanD: Radiography of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. Am J Radiology, 135: 93–95, 1980.
CoadJEWirtschafferD: Familial hemifacial spasm associated with arterial compression of the facial nerve. J Neurosurg, 74: 290–296, 1991.
12.
TienRDWilkinsRH: MRA delineation of the vertebral-basilar system in patients with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia. Am J Neuroradiol, 14: 34–36, 1993.
13.
WilkinsRH: Hemifacial spasm: A review. Surg Neurol, 36: 251–277, 1991.
14.
AdlerCHZimmermanRA: Hemifacial spasm: Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance tomography angiography. Ann Neurol, 32: 502–506, 1992.
15.
TakamiyaYToyaS: Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system. Surg Neurol, 24: 559–562, 1985.
DarlowLABrooksMLQuinnPD: Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 50: 621–626, 1992.
27.
HarperCM: Hemifacial spasm: Preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative management. Muscle and Nerve, 14: 213–218, 1991.
28.
AugerRGPiepgrasDGLawsER: Hemifacial spasm: Results of microvascular decompression of the facial nerve in 54 patients. Mayo Clin Proc, 61: 640–644, 1986.
29.
JhoHDJannettaPJ: Hemifacial spasm in youg people trated with microvascular decompression of the facial nerve. Neurosurgery, 20: 767–770, 1987.
30.
HuangC-IChenI-HLeeL-S: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: Analyses of operative findings and results in 310 patients. Neurosurgery, 30: 53–57, 1992.
31.
SindouMFobeJL: Hearing prognosis and intraoperative guidance of brainstem auditory evoked potential in microvascular decompression. Laryngoscope, 102: 678–682, 1992.
32.
MarionDWJannettaPJ: Use of perioperative steroids with microvascular decompression operations. Neurosurgery, 22: 353–357, 1988.
WirtschafferJD: Clinical doxorubicin chemomyectomy. An experimental treatment for benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Ophtalmology, 98: 357–366, 1991.
36.
BorodicGECheneyMMcKennaM: Contralateral injections of botulinum A toxin for the treatment of hemifacial spasm to achieve increased facial symmetry. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 90: 972–977, 1992.
37.
AlbaneseAColosimoC: Botulinum toxin as a treatment for blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis and hemifacial spasm. Eur Neurol, 32: 112–117, 1992.
38.
YoshimuraDMAminoffMJ: Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin. Musce and Nerve, 15: 1045–1049, 1992.
39.
PoungvarinNViriyavejakulA: Two hundred and fifty patients with hemifacial spasm treated xwith botulinum toxin injection. J Med Assoc Thai, 75: 199–203, 1992.
40.
TaylorJDNKraftSP: Treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin: A Canadian multicentre study. Can J Ophtalmol, 26: 133–138, 1991.
41.
ElstonJS: The management of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol, 239: 5–8, 1992.
42.
CasselmanJWKuhweideR: Constructive interference in steady state 3-DFT MR imaging of the inner ear and cerebellopontine angle. Am J Neuroradiol, 14: 47–57, 1993.
43.
GirardNRaybaudCPoncetM: 3DFTT of the facial nerve. Neuroradiology, in press.
44.
NielsenVK: Pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm: I. Ephaptic transmission and ectopic excitation. Neurology, 34: 418–426, 1984.
45.
NielsenVK: Electrophysiology of hemifacial spasm. In: The facial nerve, Mark May, New York, Thieme Inc, 1986: 487–497.
46.
AltmörsNKarsZCepogluC: Rare causes of hemifacial spasm. Report of two cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 93-2: 155–158, 1991.
47.
SprikCWirtschafferJD: Hemifacial spasm due to intracranial tumor. An international survey of botulinum toxin investigators. Ophtalmology, 95: 1042–1045, 1988.
48.
BillsDCHaniehA: Hemifacial spasm in an infrant due to fourth ventricular gangliogloma. J Neurosurg, 75: 134–137, 1991.
49.
HonigLSWassersteinPHAdornatoBT: Tonic spasms in multiple sclerosis. The Western Journal of Medecine, 154: 723–726, 1991.
50.
TelishiFFGrobmanLR: Hemifacial spasm. Occurrence in multiple sclerosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 117: 554–556, 1991.
51.
MatsumotoKSaijoT: Hemifacial spasm caused by a spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery. Case report. J Neurosurg, 74: 650–652, 1991.
52.
KimYTanakaA: Arteriovenous malformation in the cerebellopontine angle presenting as hemifacial spasm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 31: 109–112, 1991.
53.
NagataSFujiiK: Hemifacial spasm caused by CP angle AVM associated with ruptured aneurysm in the feeding artery. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 31: 406–409, 1991.
54.
WestraIDrummondGT: Occult pontine glioma in a patient with hemifacial spasm. Can J Ophtalmol, 26: 148–151, 1991.
55.
NagatSMatsushimaT: Hemifacial spasm due to tumor, aneurysm, or arteriovenous malformation. Surg Neurol, 38: 204–209, 1992.
56.
HigashiSYamashitaJ: Hemifacial spasm associated with a cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst in a young adult. Surg Neurol, 37: 289–292, 1992.
