Ultrasound Examination in Cerebrovascular Disease

Zwiebel WJ : Duplex carotid sonography. In: Introduction to vascular ultrasonography (second edition), Zwiebel W.J. (ed), Grune & Stratton, Orlando, 1986, pp. 139–170.

O'Leary DH Polak JF : High-resolution carotid sonography: Past, present and future. AJR, 153: 699–704, 1989.

James EM Earnest FIV : High-resolution dynamic ultrasound imaging of the carotid bifurcation: A prospective evaluation. Radiology, 144: 853–858, 1982.

Reilly LM Lusby RJ : Carotid plaque histology using real-time ultrasonography. Clinical and therapeutic implications. Am J Surg, 146: 188–193, 1983.

Bluth EI Kay D : Sonographic characterization of carotid plaque: Detection of hemorrhage. AJNR, 7: 311–315, 1986.

Langsfeld M Gray-Weale AC : The role of plaque morphology and diameter reduction in the development of new symptoms in asymptomatic carotid arteries. J Vasc Surg, 9: 548–557, 1989.

O'Donnel TF Erdoes L : Correlation of B-Mode ultrasound imaging and arteriography with pathologic findings at carotid endarterectomy. Arch Surg, 120: 443–449, 1985.

O'Leary DH Holen J : Carotid bifurcation disease: Prediction of ulceration with B-Mode US. Radiology, 162: 523–525, 1987.

Widder B Paulat K : Morphological characterization of carotid artery stenoses by ultrasound duplex scanning. Ultrasound in Med and Biol, 16: 349–354, 1990.

Casenave P Eresue J : Etude ultrasonore de la bifurcation carotidienne. Intérêts et limites. J Neuroradiology, 11: 105–118, 1984.

Dauzat M : L'examen ultrasonographique des axes carotidiens. In: Ultrasonographie vasculaire diagnostique. Thé-Orie et Pratique . Ed Vigot, Paris 1991, pp. 96–182.

Steinke W Kloetzch C : Carotid artery disease assessed by color Doppler floor imaging: Correlation with standard Doppler sonography and angiography. AJNR, 11: 259–266, 1990.

Carrol BA : Carotid sonography. Radiology, 178: 303–313, 1991.

Garth KE Carroll BA : Duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries with velocity spectrum analysis. Radiology, 147: 823–827, 1983.

Fischer GG Anderson DC : Prediction of carotid disease by ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography. Arch Neurol, 42: 224–227, 1985.

Jackson VP Kuehn DS : Duplex carotid sonography: Correlation with digital subtraction angiography and conventional angiography. J Ultrasound Med, 4: 239–249, 1985.

Vaisman U Wojciechowski M : Carotid artery disease: New criteria for evaluation by sonographic duplex scanning. Radiology, 158: 253–255, 1986.

Zwiebel WJ : Spectrum analysis in carotid sonography. Ultrasound in Med and Biol, 13: 625–636, 1987.

Friedman SG Hainline B : Use of diastolic velocity ratios to predict significant carotid artery stenosis. Stroke, 19: 910–912, 1988.

Robinson ML Sacks D : Diagnostic criteria for carotid duplex sonography. AJR, 151: 1045–1049, 1988.

Sillesen H Neergaard K : Quantitative assessment of carotid artery disease by continuous wave and pulsed multigated Doppler prospective comparison with angiography. Ultrasound in Med and Biol, 14: 641–648, 1988.

Withers CE Gosink BB : Duplex carotid sonography. Peak systolic velocity in quantifying internal carotid artery stenosis. J Ultrasound Med, 9: 345–349, 1990.

Mattle HP Kent KC : Evaluation of the extracranial carotid arteries: Correlation of magnetic resonance angiography, duplex ultrasonography, and conventional angiography. J Vasc Surg, 13: 838–845, 1991.

Arbeille P Lapierre F : L'échotomographie et l'analyse spectrale du signal Doppler dans le bilan des lesions carotidiennes. J Mai Vasc, 9: 171–178, 1984.

Douville Y Johnston KW : Determination of the hemodynamic factors which influence the carotid doppler spectral broadening. Ultrasound in Med & Biol, 11: 417–423, 1985.

Kassam M Johnston KW : Quantitative estimation of spectral broadening for the diagnosis of carotid arterial disease: Method and in vitro results. Ultrasound in Med & Biol, 11: 425–433, 1985.

Manga P Dhurandhar RW : Doppler frequency ratio and peak frequency in the assessment of carotid artery disease: A comparative study with angiography. Ultrasound in Med & Biol, 12: 573–576, 1986.

Kohler TR Langlois Y : Variability in measurement of specific parameters for carotid duplex examination. Ultrasound in Med & Biol, 13: 637–642, 1987.

Bornstein NM Beloev ZG : The limitations of diagnosis of carotid occlusion by Doppler ultrasound. Ann Surg, 207: 315–317, 1988.

Bridgers SL : Clinical correlates of Doppler/ultrasound errors in the detection of internal carotid artery occlusion. Stroke, 20: 612–615, 1989.

Middleton WD Foley WD : Color-flow Doppler imaging of carotid artery abnormalities. AJR, 150: 419–425, 1988.

Middleton WD Foley WD : Flow reversal in the normal carotid bifurcation: Color Doppler flow imaging analysis. Radiology, 167: 207–210, 1988.

Steinke W Kloetzch C : Carotid artery disease assessed by color Doppler flow imaging: Correlation with standard Doppler sonography and angiography. AJNR, 173: 259–266, 1990.

Hallam MJ Reid JM : Color-flow Doppler and conventional duplex scanning of the carotid bifurcation: Prospective, double-blind, correlative study. AJR, 152: 1101–1105, 1989.

Polak JF Dobkin GR : Internal carotid artery stenosis: Accuracy and reproducibility of color-Doppler-assisted duplex imaging.

Walker DW Acker JD : Subclavian steal syndrome detected with duplex pulsed Doppler sonography. AJNR, 3: 615–618, 1982.

Davis PC Nilsen B : A prospective comparison of duplex sonography vs angiography of the vertebral arteries. AJNR, 7: 1059–1064, 1986.

Visona A Lusiana L : The echo-Doppler (duplex) system for the detection of vertebral artery occlusive disease: Comparison with angiography. J Ultrasound Med, 5: 247–250, 1986.

Bluth EI Merritt CRB : Usefulness of duplex ultrasound in evaluating vertebral arteries. J Ultrasound Med, 8: 229–235, 1989.

Walker DW Acker JD : Subclavian steal syndrome detected with duplex pulsed Doppler sonography. AJNR, 3: 615–618, 1982.

Dauzat M : Les artères subclavières et vertèbrales In: Ultrasonographie vasculaire diagnostique. Théorie et pratique. Ed Vigot, Paris 1991, pp. 183–222.

Hennerici M Klemm C : The subclavian steal phenomenon: A common vascular disorder with rare neurologic deficits. Neurology, 38: 669–673, 1988.