Signal intensity increases in dentate nucleus/globus pallidus/pulvinar on unenhanced T1WI MR images after multiple examinations with gadodiamide

Abstract

Background and purpose

Elevated signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus (DN), globus pallidus (GP) and pulvinar (PUL) was reportedly observed on unenhanced T1-weighted (T1WI) magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients receiving multiple enhanced MR examinations. We aimed to clarify whether this phenomenon influences the long-term neurological status of patients.

Materials and methods

We studied 196 radiosurgically treated patients undergoing ≥10 MR examinations using a single dose of gadodiamide and the same 1.5 Tesla MR unit. SI ratios were calculated by referencing the brainstem (BS) for the DN and the thalamus (TH) for the GP and PUL. We compared the SI ratios at the first, fifth, and 10th, and at the most recent examinations. The neurological symptoms of all 196 patients were assessed at each MR examination by one of the authors (MY).

Results

The DN/BS and GP/TH SI ratios were significantly increased at the fifth examination (p < .0001, p = 0.0094) and, thereafter, gradually increased. Although the PUL/TH SI ratio was not significantly increased at the fifth examination (p = 0.2515), a significant increase was noted at the 10th examination (p < .0001). There were no significant predictive factors for DN/BS SI increases. Younger age, no brain metastasis, and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate were related to GP/TH SI ratio increases (p = 0.0308, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0306). Higher age and total bilirubin level were related to an increased PUL/TH SI ratio (p = 0.0276, p = 0.0097). No patients experienced gadodiamide-related health problems.

Conclusions

Although the SI ratios rose as numbers of gadodiamide administrations increased, no adverse health effects have developed to date.