Emorragia subaracnoidea aneurismatica nel paziente anziano. Trattamento endovascolare

Aiyagari V Cross DT : Safety of hemodynamic augmentation in patients treated with Guglielmi Detachable Coils after acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 32, 1994–1997, 2001.

Baltsavias GS Byrne JV : Effects of timing of coil embolization after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on procedural morbidity and outcomes. Neurosurgery 47: 1320–1329, 2000.

Bonita R Thomson S : Subarachnoid hemorrhage: epidemiology, diagnosis, management and outcome. Stroke 16: 591–594, 1985.

Brilstra EH Algra A : Effectiveness of neurosurgical clip application in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 97: 36–41, 2002.

Broderick JP Brott TG : Initial and recurrent bleeding are the major causes of death following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 25: 1342–1347, 1996.

Carolei A Marini C : High stroke incidence in the prospective community-based L'Aquila registry (1994-1998). First year's results. Stroke 28: 2500–2506, 1997.

Charpentier C Audibert G : Multivariate analysis of predictors of cerebral vasospasm occurrence after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 30: 1402–1408, 1999.

Chiang VL Claus EB : Toward more rational prediction of outcome in patients with high-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 46: 28–36, 2000.

Chung RY Carter BS : Management outcomes for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in the elderly. Neurosurgery 47: 827–833, 2000.

Cognard C Weill A : Long-term angiographic follow-up of 169 intracranial berry aneurysms occluded with detachable coils. Radiology 212: 348–356, 1999.

Disney L Weir B : Factors influencing the outcome of aneurysm rupture in poor grade patients: a prospective series. Neurosurgery 23: 1–9, 1988.

Enblad P Persson L : Impact on clinical outcome of secondary brain insults during the neurointesive care of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 62: 512–516, 1997.

Elliott JP Le Roux PD : Subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral aneurysms in the elderly. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 9: 587–94, 1998.

Fridriksson SM Hillman J : Intracranial aneurysm surgery in the 8th and 9th decades of life: impact on population-based management outcome. Neurosurgery 37: 627–632, 1995.

Gotoh O Tamura A : Glasgow Coma Scale in the prediction of outcome after early aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery 39: 19–25, 1996.

Haley EC Jr Kassell NF : The International Cooperative Study on the timing of aneurysm surgery: the North American experience. Stroke 23: 205–124, 1992.

Hohlrieder M Spiegel M : Cerebral vasospasm and ischaemic infarction in clipped and coiled intracranial aneurysm patients. Eur J Neurol 9: 389–399, 2002.

Hutchinson PJA Power DM : Outcome from poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: which poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients benefit from aneurysm clipping? Br J Neurosurg 14: 105–109, 2000.

Inagawa T : Management outcome in the elderly patient following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 78: 554–561, 1993.

Inagawa T Yamamoto M : Management of elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 69: 332–339, 1988.

Inamasu J Nakamura Y : Endovascular treatment for poorest-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage in the acute stage: has the outcome been improved? Neurosurgery 50: 1199–1204, 2002.

Ingal T Asplund K : A multinational comparison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study. Stroke 31: 1054–1061, 2000.

International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Trial. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm: a randomized trial. The Lancet 360: 1267–1274, 2002.

Johansson M Cesarini KG : Changes in intervention and outcome in elderly patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 32: 2845–2849, 2001.

Lanzino G Kassell NF : Age and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: why do older patients fare worse? J Neurosurg. 85: 410–418, 1996.

Le Roux PD Elliott JP : Predicting outcome in poor-grade patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective review of 159 aggressively managed cases. J Neurosurg. 85: 39–49, 1996.

Linn FHH Rinkel GJE : Incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Role of region, year and rate of computed tomography: a meta-analysis. Stroke 27: 625–629, 1996.

MacDonald RL Wallace MC : Role of angiography following aneurysm surgery. J Neurosurg. 79: 826–832, 1993.

Malmgren R Warlow CP : Geographical and secular trends in stroke incidence. Lancet 2: 1196–1200, 1986.

Mooij JJA : Grading and decision-making in (aneurysmal) subarachnoid hemorrhage. Interventional Neuroradiology 7: 283, 2001.

O'Sullivan MG Seller R : Management of poor grade patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the importance of neuroradiological findings on clinical outcome. Br J Neurosurg 10: 445–452, 1996.

Philips LH II Whisnant JP : The unchanging pattern of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a community. Neurology 30: 1034–1040, 1980.

Pinsker MO Gerstner W : Surgery and outcome for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in elderly patients Acta Neurochir Suppl 82: 61–64, 2002.

Pobereskin LH : Incidence and outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a retrospective population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70: 340–343, 2001.

Raftopoulos C Goffette P : Surgical clipping may lead to better results than coil embolization: result from a series of 101 consecutive unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 52: 1280–1290, 2003.

Sacco RL Wolf PA : Subarachnoid and intracranial hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in Framingham study. Neurology 34, 847–854, 1984.

Stachniak JB Layon AJ : Craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage: is course, cost or outcome affected by age? Stroke 27, 276–281, 1996.

Torner JC Davis PH : Epidemiology and clinical manifetstaions of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Bederson JB (ed): Subarachnoid hemorrhage: patophysiology and management. Park Ridge, IL: The American Association of Neurological Surgeons 1997: 127–156.

The ACROSS group. pidemiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Australia and New Zealand. Incidence and case fatality from the Australasian Cooperative Research on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Study (ACROSS). Stroke 31, 1843–1850, 2000.

van Loon J Waerzeggers Y : Early endovascular treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients in very poor neurological condition. Neurosurgery 50: 457–464, 2002.

Vogel T Verreault R : Intracerebral Aneurysms: A Review With Special Attention to Geriatric Aspects. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 58: 520–524, 2003.

Weir RU Marcellus ML : Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with Hunt and Hess grade 4 or 5: treatment using the Guglielmi Detachable Coil system. Am J Neuroradiol 24: 585–590, 2003.

Yano S Hamada J : Surgical indications to maintain quality of life in elderly patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 52: 1010–1016, 2003.