Two studies investigated the effect of failure feedback, relative to success or no feedback, on the intergroup responses of Fijians of Indian descent (Indo-Fijians, Study 1) and Indigenous Fijians (I-Taukei, Study 2), groups that have a history of intergroup tension, on job suitability ratings of applicants from the negative out-group and from a “neutral” out-group (Asians). For applicants from negative out-groups specifically, compared to participants in the success and no feedback conditions, participants in the failure condition who were low in trait emotional intelligence (TEI) gave poorer negative out-group member suitability ratings. As predicted, TEI moderated the effect of feedback on ratings of the negative out-group member, with participants higher in TEI displaying less negative responding as a function of failure. The moderating impact of TEI on feedback did not occur for candidates from the neutral out-group.
AikenL. S.WestS. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage.
2.
AllenT. J.ShermanJ. W. (2011). Ego threat and intergroup bias: A test of motivated-activation versus self-regulatory accounts. Psychological Science, 22, 331–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611399291
3.
AlleyR. (2001). Fiji’s coups of 1987 and 2000: A comparison. Revue Juridique Polynesienne, 1, 217–239.
4.
BergkvistL.RossiterJ. R. (2007). The predictive validity of multiple-item versus single-item measures of the same constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 44, 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.2.175
5.
BhullarN.SchutteN. S.MalouffJ. M. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence as a moderator of the relationship between psychological distress and satisfaction with life. Individual Differences Research, 10, 19–26.
6.
BranscombeN.WannD. (1994). Collective self-esteem consequences of out-group derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 641–657. https://doi-org.liblink.uncw.edu/10.1002/ejsp.2420240603
7.
BrownJ. D.GallagherF. M. (1992). Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(92)90029-J
CohenJ. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10.
CollangeJ.FiskeS. T.SanitiosoR. (2009). Maintaining a positive self-image by stereotyping others: Self-threat and the stereotype content model. Social Cognition, 27, 138–149.
11.
CrockerJ.ThompsonL. L.McGrawK. M.IngermanC. (1987). Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluation of others: Effects of self-esteem and threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 907–916.
FeinS.SpencerS. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.31
HayesA. F.MontoyaA. K. (2017). A tutorial on testing, visualizing, and probing an interaction involving a multicategorical variable in linear regression analysis. Communication Methods and Measures, 11, 1–30.
16.
JosephD. L.NewmanD. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
17.
KundaZ.SpencerS. J. (2003). When do stereotypes come to mind and when do they color judgment? A goal-based theoretical framework for stereotype activation and application. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 522–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.522
LalB. V. (2000). Chiefs and thieves and other people besides: The making of George Speight’s coup. The Journal of Pacific History, 35, 281–293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223340020010571
20.
MattinglyV.KraigerK. (2019). Can emotional intelligence be trained? A meta-analytic investigation. Human Resource Management Review, 29, 140–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.03.002
MayerJ. D.SaloveyP.CarusoD. R. (2000). Models of emotional intelligence. In SternbergR. J. (Ed.), The handbook of intelligence (pp. 396–420). Cambridge University Press.
23.
MednickS. A. (1968). The remote associates test. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 2, 213–214.
24.
MikolajczakM.LuminetO. (2008). Trait emotional intelligence and the cognitive appraisal of stressful events: An exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1445–1453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.012
25.
MikolajczakM.PetridesK. V.HurryJ. (2009). Adolescents choosing self-harm as an emotion regulation strategy: The protective role of trait emotional intelligence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 181–193. https://doi-org.liblink.uncw.edu/10.1348/014466508X386027
26.
MontoyaA. K. (2016). Extending the Johnson-Neyman procedure to categorical independent variables: Mathematical derivations and computational tools (Doctoral dissertation). The Ohio State University.
27.
MontoyaA. K. (2019). Moderation analysis in two-instance repeated measures designs: Probing methods and multiple moderator models. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 61–82. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1088-6
28.
NaiduV. (2013). Fiji: The challenges and opportunities of diversity. Minority Rights Group International.
29.
NarayanS. (2009). Racial discrimination in Fiji. Journal of South Pacific Law, 12, 68–75.
30.
OnraetE.HielA. V.KeersmaeckerJ. D.FontaineJ. R. J. (2017). The relationship of trait emotional intelligence with right wing attitudes and subtle racial prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 27–30. https://doi-org.liblink.uncw.edu/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.017
31.
Pena-SarrionandiaA.MikolajczakM.GrossJ. J. (2015). Integrating emotion regulation and emotional intelligence traditions: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00160
32.
PetridesK. V. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue). In ParkerJ.SaklofskeD.StoughC. (Eds.), Assessing emotional intelligence: The Springer series on human exceptionality (pp. 85–101). Springer.
33.
RameshS. (2017). Indo-Fijian counter hegemony in Fiji: A historical structural approach. Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 1, 66–85.
ShapiroJ. R.MistlerS. A.NeubergS. L. (2009). Threatened selves and differential prejudice expression by White and Black perceivers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 469–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.013
36.
ShinH.DovidioJ. F.NapierJ. L. (2013). Cultural differences in targets of stigmatization between individual- and group-oriented cultures. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2012.746604
vanDellenM. R.CampbellW. K.HoyleR. H.BradfieldE. K. (2011). Compensating, resisting, and breaking: A meta-analytic examination of reactions to self-esteem threat. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310372950
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
