Biobanking Feasibility in Africa: Findings from a Pilot Survey by the Pan-African Biobanking Network

Abstract

Introduction:

Biobanking is a crucial foundation for biomedical research, allowing for the collection, storage, and study of biological samples and related data. In Africa, expanding biobanks offers a chance to investigate the continent’s rich genetic diversity and tackle local health challenges. Yet, infrastructure shortcomings, inconsistent regulations, and varied ethical standards continue to hinder the sustainable growth of biobanking efforts across Africa. The Pan-African Biobanking Network (PABNet) is an initiative of African biobankers that provides information and services for the African biobanking community. The study was aimed at evaluating the current status of biobanking in Africa.

Methods:

From February 2024 to January 2025, a structured online survey questionnaire was dispatched to African biobanks through such networks as Biobank and Cohort Building Network and Medical Biorepositories of South Africa. The three main areas were general biobank characteristics, systems of ethics and regulation, and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats assessment. The questionnaires were scrutinized by top African biobanking experts to be properly contextualized. The questionnaires were then interpreted as a tool for establishing maturity in operation, resources available, and engagement in professional networks.

Results:

A total of 22 biobanks from 11 countries took part. Most were fairly new, with a median staff size of six and a wide range of sample types. Although 77% had quality management systems and 91% used unique specimen identifiers, only 43% had formal accreditation. Main strengths included diverse sample collections (77%) and participation in professional networks (68%). However, major obstacles included weak legal frameworks (82%), regulatory delays (73%), funding shortages (91%), and gaps in consent procedures.

Conclusion:

This preliminary survey reports significant results of African biobanking showing willingness to cconductand urgent needs for harmonized ethics, explicit procedures for accreditation, and aligned policies. The PABNet is well-positioned to fill these gaps through promoting local use of international standards, launching training programs, and facilitating improved governance. These measures will help build a robust, internationally integrated biobanking system fitting Africa’s research setting.