Plant germplasm is critical for maintaining biodiversity and mitigating genetic erosion. While cryopreservation has emerged as an increasingly vital approach for conserving plant genetic resources, its routine application remains limited due to species- and explant-specific preservation requirements. In many instances, additional experimentation is necessary to develop genotype-specific protocols to achieve satisfactory survival rates. In addition, the technical operation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, the survival rate of explants post-cryopreservation from many species remains suboptimal. PVS-based vitrification cryopreservation of dormant buds represents an ideal strategy to address these challenges, leveraging the buds’ inherent cold hardiness and robust regrowth capacity. This review focuses on four key determinants of successful PVS-based cryopreservation: the collection time and physiological status of dormant buds, shoot tip dissection, PVS exposure duration, and recovery culture. The insights provided herein may facilitate the rapid development of new protocols or user-friendly procedures for a broader range of plant species, enabling wider adoption by institutions and laboratories, and thereby enhancing global efforts in germplasm conservation.
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