For an introduction to Kondratieff Cycles (also spelled Kondratiev), see The Kondratiev Cycle: A Generational Interpretation by Michael A Alexander (Universe 2001).
2.
See Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy by Joseph A. Schumpeter (Pober Publishing 2010) for the key idea of ‘creative destruction.’ A more interesting compilation of readings can be found in The Economics And Sociology Of Capitalism by SchumpeterJoseph A., Ed. Richard Swedberg (Princeton 1991).
3.
See Technological Revolutions And Financial Capital: The Dynamics Of Bubbles And Golden Ages by Carlota Perez (Edward Elgar Publishing 2003).
4.
Data is obtained from British Economic Growth 1688–1959 by Phyllis Deane and W. A. Cole (Cambridge 1969). The growth figures are derived from Table 19 on page 78.
5.
DeaneCole, op. cit. Table 59 on page 231.
6.
DeaneCole, op. cit. Table 37 on page 166.
7.
See Hard Times by Charles Dickens (Penguin 1995) for an account of the economic collapse following the railway boom in England.
8.
See Religion And The Rise Of Capitalism by R. H. Tawney (Pelican 1975) for an account of the significance of a socially cohesive group in launching a new technological paradigm.
9.
See The Competitive Advantage Of Nations by Michael Porter (MacMillan 1990), which is regarded as the standard textbook for the development of industrial clusters.
10.
Source: The European Futures Observatory, using World Bank and IMF historical data.
11.
DeaneCole, op. cit. Table 60 on page 232.
12.
See The Extreme Future by James Canton (Plume 2007) for a good exposition of how the NBIC technologies are developing off each other.
13.
See Sustainable Innovation by Dorothea Seebode (Philips Research 2006) for an interesting example of how one corporate giant plans to capture this wave. Alternatively, see The Sixth Kondratieff—Long Wave Of Prosperity (Allianz Global Investors 2010) as an example of how innovation funding is being channelled in this direction.
