Demographic Factors and Comorbid Conditions Related to Health Care Presentation Among Patients With Sinusitis

Abstract

Background

Social determinants of health (SDOH) and comorbid conditions (CMCs) influence the setting of presentation for care; however, few studies have explored this relationship in the context of sinus disease.

Objective

This study aims to characterize the relationship of SDOH and CMCs with acuity of health care presentation setting in adults with sinusitis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis based on medical records (demographics, visit types, and ICD-10 codes) of 1842 adult patients presenting with sinusitis to an urban academic medical center was conducted. Chi-square analysis was used to assess bivariate associations of SDOH (age, race/ethnicity, sex, insurance type, and employment status) and CMCs (depression, body mass index [BMI], allergy, and gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]) with high-acuity visit types—including emergency department (ED) and inpatient visits. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to examine the adjusted associations between SDOH and high-acuity visits.

Results

The sample's mean age was 46.8 years, with 68.5% females and 31.5% males. In adjusted models, the odds of high-acuity visit presentation was higher for males than females (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57; confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.01); non-Hispanic Blacks (OR: 2.21; CI: 1.58–3.09) as well as Hispanics/Latinos (OR: 2.10; CI:1.43–3.08) than Whites; unemployed (OR: 1.90; CI: 1.47–2.46.) than employed. Age was positively associated with high-acuity presentation. While GERD was associated with increased odds of high-acuity presentation (OR: 2.80; CI: 1.64–4.78), BMI, allergy, and depression did not have a statistically significant association with these visit types. These associations were independent of insurance coverage, which was not statistically associated with high-acuity visits.

Conclusion

SDOH and CMCs were associated with high-acuity healthcare presentation in adults with sinusitis. While this study highlights how SDOH affect healthcare usage patterns among people with sinusitis, further investigation is needed to identify and address the causes of these patterns.