AARC Clinical Practice Guideline: Resuscitation in Acute Care Hospitals

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Stern SG , Orlowski JP . DNR or CPR-the choice is ours. Crit Care Med1992;20(9):1263–1272.

Bilsky GS , Banja JD . Outcomes following cardiopul-monary resuscitation in an acute rehabilitation hospital: clinical and ethical implications. Am J Phys Med Rehabil1992;71:232–235.

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Stauffer JL , Olson DE , Petty TL . Complications and consequences of endotracheal intubation and tracheoto-my: a prospective study of 150 critically ill adult pa-tients. Am J Med1981;70:65–76.

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Barnes TA , Potash R. Evaluation of five adult disposable operator-powered resuscitators. Respir Care1989;34:254–261.

Barnes TA , McGarry WP III . Evaluation of ten disposable manual resuscitators. Respir Care1990;35:960–968.

Johannigman JA , Branson RD . Oxygen enrichment of expired gas for mouth-to-mask resuscitation. Respir Care1991;36:99–103.

Hess D , Goff G , Johnson K. The effect of hand size, re-suscitator brand, and use of two hands on volumes deliv-ered during adult bag-valve ventilation. Respir Care1989;34:805–810.

Fluck RR Jr , Sorbello JG . Comparison of tidal volumes, minute ventilation, and respiratory frequencies delivered by paramedic and respiratory care students with pocket mask versus demand valve. Respir Care1991;36(10):1105–1112.

Barnes TA , Stockwell DL . Evaluation of ten manual re-suscitators across an operational temperature range of -18°C to 50°C. Respir Care1991;36:161–172.

Hargarten KM , Aprahamian C , Mateer J. Pneumoperi-toneum as a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscita-tion. Am J Emerg Med1988;6:358–361.

Hillman K , Albin M. Pulmonary barotrauma during car-diopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med1986;14(7):606–609.

Madansky DL , Lawson EE , Chernick V , Taeusch HW Jr . Pneumothorax and other forms of pulmonary air leak in newborns Am Rev Respir Dis1979;120:729–737.

Primhak RA . Factors associated with pulmonary air leak in premature infants receiving mechanical ventilation. J Pediatr1983;102:764–768.

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Emergency Cardiac Care Committee & Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Guidelines for cardio-pul-monary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. JAMA1992;268(16):2171–2295.

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Milner AD , Vyas H , Hopkin IE . Efficacy of facemask re-suscitation at birth. Br Med J Clin Res Ed1984;289:1563–1565.

Boon AW , Milner AD , Hopkin IE . Lung expansion, tidal exchange, and formation of the functional residual ca-pacity during resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates. J Pediatr1979;95(6):1031–1036.

Maier GW , Tyson GS Jr , Olsen CO , Kernstein KH , Davis JW , Conn EH , . Physiology of external car-diac massage: high-impulse cardiopulmonary resuscita-tion. Circulation1984;70(1):86–101.

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Atcheson SG , Fred HL . Complications of cardiac resus-citation (letter). Am Heart J1975;89:263–265.

Powner DJ , Holcombe PA , Mello LA . Cardiopul-monary resuscitation-related injuries. Crit Care Med1984;12:54–55.

Barrowcliffe MP . Visceral injuries following external cardiac massage. Anaesthesia1984;39:347–350.

Evans PJ , Jones MK , Tirlapur VG . An unusual compli-cation of external cardiac massage. Injury1985;16:477.

Noffsinger AE , Blisard KS , Balko MG . Cardiac lacera-tion and pericardial tamponade due to cardiopulmonary resuscitation after myocardial infarction. J Forensic Sci1991;36:1760–1764.

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Vanags B , Thakur RK , Stueven HA , Aufderheide T , Tresch DD . Interventions in the therapy of electrome-chanical dissociation. Resuscitation1989;17:163–171.

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Minor RL Jr , Chandran PKG , Williams CL . Rhabdomy-olysis and myoglobinuric renal failure following car-dioversion and CPR for acute MIChest1990;97:485–486.

Parker JC Jr , Philpot J , Pillow JR . Infantile hemato-myelia complicating electrocardioversionArch Pathol Lab Med1985;109:370–371.

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Leja FS , Euler DE , Scanlon PJ . Digoxin and the suscep-tibility of the canine heart to countershock-induced ar-rhythmiaAm J Cardiol1985;55:1070–1075.

Zullo MA . Function of ventricular pacemakers during resuscitationPACE1990;13:736–744.

Wrenn K. The hazards of defibrillation through nitro-glycerin patchesAnn Emerg Med1990;19:1327–1328.

Mace SE . Effect of technique of administration on plas-ma lidocaine levelsAnn Emerg Med1986;15:552–556.

Orlowski JP , Gallagher JM , Porembka DT . Endotracheal epinephrine is unreliableResuscitation1990;19:103–113.

Aitkenhead AR . Drug administration during CPR: what route? Resuscitation1991;22:191–195.

Hess D , Eitel D. Monitoring during resuscitationRespir Care1992;37:739–768.

Ornato JP , Bryson BL , Donovan PJ , Farquharson RR , Jaegar C. Measurement of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitationCrit Care Med1983;11:79–82.

Elling R , Politis J. An evaluation of emergency medical technicians' ability to use manual ventilation devicesAnn Emerg Med1983;12:765–768.

Anton WR , Gordon RW , Jordan TM , Posner KL , Cheney FW . A disposable end-tidal CO2 detector to ver-ify endotracheal intubationAnn Emerg Med1991;20:271–275.

Thalman JJ , Rinaldo-Gallo S , MacIntyre NR . Analysis of an endotracheal intubation service provided by respi-ratory care practitionersRespir Care1993;38:469–473.

Giffen PR Jr , Hope CE . Preliminary evaluation of a pro-totype tube-valve-mask ventilator for emergency artifi-cial ventilationAnn Emerg Med1991;20:262–266.

Harrison RR , Maull KI , Keenan RL , Boyan CP . Mouth-to-mask ventilation: a superior method of rescue breath-ingAnn Emerg Med1982;11:74–76.

Hess D , Ness C , Oppel A , Rhoads K. Evaluation of mouth-to-mask ventilation devicesRespir Care1989;34:191–195.

Hess D , Baran C. Ventilatory volumes using mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask, and bag-valve-mask techniquesAm J Emerg Med1985;3:292–296.

Lawrence PJ , Sivaneswaran N. Ventilation during car-diopulmonary resuscitation: which method?Med J Aust1985;143:443–446.

Safar P. Pocket mask for emergency artificial ventilation and oxygen inhalationCrit Care Med1974;2:273–276.

Seidelin PH , Stolarek IH , Littlewood DG . Comparison of six methods of emergency ventilation (letter)Lancet1986;2:1274–1275.

Sainsbury DA , Davis R , Walker MC . Artificial ventila-tion for cardiopulmonary resuscitationMed J Aust1984;141:509–511.

ECRI. Evaluation: exhaled-air pulmonary resuscitators (EAPRs) and disposable manual pulmonary resuscitators (DMPRS). Health Devices1989;18:333–352.

Phillips GD , Skowronski GA . Manual resuscitators and portable ventilatorsAnaesth Intensive Care1986;14:306–313.

ECRI. Manual resuscitators. Health Devices1979;8:133–146.

American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard specification for performance and safety requirements for resuscitators intended for use with humans. Designa-tion: F-920-85. Philadelphia: Am Soc Testing & Ma-terials, 1985.

American National Standards Institute. ANSI Standard Z-79.2, 1976.

International Standards Organization (ISO). Draft Inter-national Standard ISO 8382: 1988 (E)-Resuscitators in-tended for use with humans. New York: American Na-tional Standards Institute, 1988.

Hess D , Simmons M. An evaluation of the resistance to flow through the patient valves of twelve adult manual resuscitatorsRespir Care1992;37(5):432–438.

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Thompson JE , Farrell E , McManus M. Neonatal and pe-diatric airway emergenciesRespir Care1992;37(6):582–599.

ECRI. Evaluation: oxygen powered resuscitators. Health Devices1974;3:207–221.

ECRI. Hazard: demand valve resuscitators. Health Devices1976;5:145–146.

ECRI. Gas powered resuscitators. Health Devices1978;8:24–38.

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Campbell RS , Branson RD , Davis K , Johnson DJ , Porembka D , Hurst JM . Laboratory and clinical evalua-tion of the Impact Uni-Vent 750 portable ventilatorRespir Care1992;37(1):29–36.

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