The Magic Bullets in the War on ARDS: Aggressive Therapy for Oxygenation Failure

Kolobow T , Moretti MP , Fumagalli R , Mascheroni D , Prato P , Chen V , . Severe impairment in lung function induced by high peak airway pressure during mechanical ventilation: an experimental study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:312–315.

Tsuno K , Prato P , Kolobow T. Acute lung injury from mechanical ventilation at moderately high airway pressures. J Appl Physiol 1990;69(3):956–961.

Dreyfuss D , Basset G , Soler P , Saumon G. Intermittent positive-pressure hyperventilation with high inflation pressures produces pulmonary microvascular injury in rats. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:880–884.

Dreyfuss D , Soler P , Basset G , Saumon G. High inflation pressure pulmonary edema: respective effects of high airway pressure, high tidal volume, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:1159–1164.

Baum M , Benzer H , Mutz N , Pauser G , Tonczar L. Inversed ratio ventilation (IRV): die rolle des atemzeitverhaltvisses in der veatmung beim ARDS. Anaesthesist 1980;29:592–596.

Rossi R , Gottfried SB , Zocchi L , Higgs BD , Lennox S , Calverley PM , . Measurement of static compliance of the total respiratory system in patients with acute respiratory failure during mechanical ventilation: the effect of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:672–677.

Caviedes I , Benito S , Mancebo J , Net A. Effect of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure on respiratory compliance. Crit Care Med 1986;14:947–949.

Pepe PE , Marini JJ . Occult positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with airflow obstruction: the auto-PEEP effect. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:166–170.

Cole AG , Weller SF , Sykes MK . Inverse ratio ventilation compared with PEEP in adult respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 1984;10:227–232.

Tharratt RS , Allen RP , Albertson TE . Pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation in severe adult respiratory failure. Chest 1988;94:755–762.

Ravizza AG , Carugo D , Cerchiari EL , Ferrante M , Della Pupa T , Villa L. Inversed ratio and conventional ventilations: comparison of the respiratory effects (abstract). Anesthesiology 1983;59:A523.

Lain DC , DiBenedetto R , Morris SL , Van Nguyen A , Saulters R , Causey D. Pressure control inverse ratio ventilation as a method to reduce peak inspiratory pressure and provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Chest 1989;95:1081–1088.

Kacmarek RM , Hess D. Pressure-controlled inverse-ratio ventilation: panacea or auto-PEEP? (editorial). Respir Care 1990;35:945–948.

Perel A. Newer ventilation modes-temptations and pitfalls (editorial). Crit Care Med 1987;15:707–709.

Gattinoni L , Pesenti A , Caspani ML , Pelizzoli A , Mascheroni D , Marcolin R , . The role of total static lung compliance in the management of severe ARDS unresponsive to conventional treatment. Intensive Care Med 1984;10:121–126.

Lachmann B , Danzmann E , Haendly B , Jonson B. Ventilator settings and gas exchange in respiratory distress syndrome. In: Prakash O , ed. Applied physiology in clinical respiratory care. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1982:141–76.

Abraham E , Yoshihara G. Cardiorespiratory effects of pressure controlled inverse ratio ventilation in severe respiratory failure. Chest 1989;96:1356–1359.

East TD , Böhm SH , Wallace CJ , Clemmer TP , Weaver LK , Orme JF Jr , . A successful computerized protocol for clinical management of pressure control inverse ratio ventilation in ARDS patients. Chest 1992;101:697–710.

Lain DC , Chaudhary BA , Thorarinsson B , Speir WA Jr . Auto-PEEP and proximal airway pressure: need for clarification (editorial). Chest 1990;97:771.

Benson MS , Pierson DJ . Auto-PEEP during mechanical ventilation of adults. Respir Care 1988;33:557–568.

Duncan SR , Rizk NW , Raffin TA . Inverse ratio ventilation: PEEP in disguise? (editorial). Chest 1987;92:390–392.

Walley KR , Schmidt GA . Therapeutic use of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure. Crit Care Med 1990;18:336–337.

Stock MC , Downs JB . Airway pressure release ventilation: a new approach to ventilatory support during acute lung injury. Respir Care 1987;32:517–524.

Aprigliano M , Kolobow T , Rossi N , Tsuno K , Lee KH . Intratracheal pulmonary ventilation (ITPV) in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145(4, Part 2):A455.

Burke WC , Nahum A , Ravenscraft SA , Adams AB , Nakos G , Marcy TW , . Phase specific intratracheal gas insufflation augments alveolar ventilation (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145(4, Part 2):A455.

Nahum A , Burke WC , Ravenscraft SA , Marcy TW , Adams AB , Nakos G , . Augmentation of CO2 elimination by intratracheal gas insufflation during pressure control ventilation in dogs (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145(4, Part 2):A529.

Ravenscraft SA , Burke WC , Nahum A , Marcy TW , Adams AB , Nakos G , . Intratracheal gas insufflation augments alveolar ventilation during volume cycles mechanical ventilation in patients (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145(4, Part 2):A529.

Brodsky JB , Mihm FG . Split-lung ventilation. In: Hall JB , Schmidt GA , Wood LD , eds. Principles of critical care. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992:160–164.

Froese AB , Bryan AC . High frequency ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:1363–1374.

Sjöstrand U. High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV): a review. Crit Care Med 1980;8:345–364.

Wattwil LM , Sjöstrand UH , Borg UR . Comparative studies of IPPV and HFPPV with PEEP in critical care patients. I: a clinical evaluation. Crit Care Med 1983;11:30–37.

Carlon GC , Howland WS , Ray C , Miodownik S , Griffin JP , Groeger JS . High-frequency jet ventilation: a prospective randomized evaluation. Chest 1983;84:551–559.

El-Baz N , Faber LP , Doolas A. Combined high-frequency ventilation for management of terminal respiratory failure: a new technique. Anesth Analg 1983;62:39–49.

Lachmann B , Schairer W , Hafner M , Armbruster S , Jonson B. Volume-controlled ventilation with superimposed high frequency ventilation during expiration in healthy and surfactant-depleted pig lungs. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1989;33(Suppl 90):117–119.

Blum-Hoffmann E , Kopotic RJ , Mannino FL . High-frequency oscillatory ventilation combined with intermittent mandatory ventilation in critically ill neonates: 3 years of experience. Eur J Pediatr 1988;147:392–398.

Brichant JF , Rouby JJ , Viars P. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation with either positive end-expiratory pressure or high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), or HFJV alone in human acute respiratory failure. Anesth Analg 1986;65:1135–1142.

Obara H , Maekawa N , Hamatani S , Iwai S. Effect of combined high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on rabbit alveolar type-2 cells. Crit Care Med 1987;15(7):692–695.

Spitzer AR , Butler S , Fox WW . Ventilatory response to combined high frequency jet ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation for the rescue treatment of severe neonatal lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 1989;7:244–250.

Zeravik J , Eckart J , Zimmermann G , Blumel G , Pfeiffer UJ , Wellhofer H. Indications for combined high frequency ventilation in clinical use. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1989;33(Suppl 90):149–152.

Borg UR , Belzberg H , Blevins S. Combined high frequency ventilation (CHFV). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1989;33(Suppl 90):155–157.

Borg UR , Stoklosa JC , Siegel JH , Wiles CE 3rd , Belzberg H , Blevins S , . Prospective evaluation of combined high-frequency ventilation in post-traumatic patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome refractory to optimized conventional ventilatory management. Crit Care Med 1989;17:1129–1142.

Andersen JB . Ventilatory strategy in catastrophic lung disease. Inversed ratio ventilation (IRV) and combined high frequency ventilation (CHFV). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1989;33(Suppl 90):145–148.

Zeravik J , Pfeiffer UJ . Efficacy of high frequency ventilation combined with volume controlled ventilation in dependency of extravascular lung water. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1989;33(Suppl 90):568–574.

East TD , Danino D , Pace NL . A randomized protocol-controlled trial of volume control and combined high frequency ventilation in a canine model of ARDS. Crit Care Med 1992;20(4):S62.

Hill JD , O'Brien TG , Murray JJ , Dontigny L , Bramsom ML , Osborn JJ , . Prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome): use of the Bramsom membrane lung. N Engl J Med 1972;286:629–634.

Sznajder JI , Morris AH . Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and CO2 removal. In: Hall JB , Schmidt GA , Wood LDH , eds. Principles of critical care. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992:374–382.

NIH-HLBI . Protocol for extracorporeal support for respiratory insufficiency collaborative program. Bethesda: National Heart & Lung Institute, Division of Lung Diseases, 1974.

Zapol WM , Snider MT , Hill JD , Fallat RJ , Bartlett RH , Edmunds LH , . Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure: a randomized prospective study. JAMA 1979;242:2193–2196.

NIH-HLBI . Extracorporeal support for respiratory insufficiency a collaborative study in response to RFP-NHLI-73-20. Bethesda: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institutes of Health, 1979.

Morris AH , Wallace CJ , Clemmer TP , Orme JF Jr , Weaver LK , Dean NC , . Extracorporeal CO2 removal therapy for adult respiratory distress syndrome patients: computerized protocol controlled trial. Réan Soins intens Méd Urg 1990;6(7):485–490.

Morris AH , Wallace CJ , Clemmer TP , Orme JF Jr , Weaver LK , Dean NC , . Extracorporeal CO2 removal therapy for adult respiratory distress syndrome patients. Respir Care 1990;35:224–231.

Gattinoni L , Pesenti A , Mascheroni D , Marcolin R , Fumagalli R , Rossi F , . Low-frequency positive-pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2 removal in severe acute respiratory failure. JAMA 1986;256:881–886.

Pesenti A , Gattinoni L , Kolobow T , Damia G. Extracorporeal circulation in adult respiratory failure. ASAIO Trans 1988;34:43–47.

Wagner PK , Knoch M , Sangmeister C , Muller E , Lennartz H , Rothmund M. Extracorporeal gas exchange in adult respiratory distress syndrome: associated morbidity and its surgical treatment. Br J Surg 1990;77:1395–1398.

Morris AH , Wallace CJ , Clemmer TP , Orme JF , Weaver LK , Thomas F , . Final report: computerized protocol controlled clinical trial of new therapy which includes ECCO₂R for ARDS (abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145(4, Part 2):A184.

Zapol WM , Frikker MJ , Pontoppidan H , Wilson RS , Lynch KE . The adult respiratory distress syndrome at Massachusetts General Hospital-etiology progression and survival rates, 1978-1988. In: Walz F , ed. Adult respiratory distress syndrome. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1991:367–380.

Mortensen JD , Berry G. Conceptual and design features of a practical, clinically effective intravenous mechanical blood oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange device (IVOX). Int J Artif Organs 1989;12:384–389.

Mortensen JD . Augmentation of blood gas transfer by means of an intravascular blood gas exchanger (IVOX). In: Marini JJ , Roussos C , eds. 1991 Update in intensive care and emergency medicine: ventilatory failure, Vol 15. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991:318–346.

Mortensen JD . Intravascular oxygenator: a new alternative method for augmenting blood gas transfer in patients with acute respiratory failure. Artif Organs 1992;16(1):75–82.

Bagley B , Bagley A , Henrie J , Froerer C , Brohamer J , Burkart J , . Quantitative gas transfer into and out of circulating venous blood by means of an intravenacaval oxygenator. ASAIO Transactions 1991;37:M413–M415.

Durbin CJ Jr . Intravenous oxygenation and CO2 removal device: IVOX. Respir Care 1992;37:147–153.

von Segesser LK , Schaffner A , Stocker R , Lachat M , Speich R , Baumann PC , . Extended (29 days) use of intravascular gas exchanger (letter). Lancet 1992;339 (June 20):1536.

Lanigan CJ , Withington PS . Support when gas exchange fails-ECMO, ECCO₂R and IVOX. Clin Int Care 1991;2(4):210–216.

Kallis P , al-Saady NM , Bennett ED , Treasure T. Intravascular oxygenation with the IVOX. Br J Hosp Med 1992;47(11):824–828.

Murray JF , Matthay MA , Luce JM , Flick MR . An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;120:720–725.

Hickling KG , Henderson SJ , Jackson R. Low mortality associated with low volume pressure limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia in severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 1990;16:372–377.

Hickling KG . Ventilatory management of ARDS: can it affect the outcome?> Intensive Care Med 1990;16:219–226.

Kacmarek RM , Hickling KE . Permissive hypercapnia. Respir Care 1993;38:373–387.

Miller PL . Goal oriented critiquing by computer for ventilatory management. Comput Biomed Res 1985;18:422–438.

Menn SJ , Barnett GO , Schnechel D , Owens WD , Pontoppidan H. A computer program to assist in the care of acute respiratory failure. JAMA 1973;223:308–312.

Grossman R , Hew E , Aberman A. Assessment of the ability to manage patients on mechanical ventilators using a computer model. Acute Care 1984;10:95–102.

Fagan L , Kunz J , Feigenbaum E , Osborn J. Representing time-dependent relations in a medical setting (PhD dissertation)>. Stanford CA: Stanford University, 1980.

East TD , Henderson S , Morris AH , Gardner RM . Implementation issue and challenges for computerized clinical protocols for management of mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients>. In: Proceedings of the symposium on computer applications in medical care (SCAMC), Nov 5-8, 1989. Washington DC: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1989:583–587.

Henderson S , East TD , Morris AH , Gardner RM . Performance evaluation of computerized clinical protocols for management of mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients>. In: Proceedings of the symposium on computer applications in medical care (SCAMC), Nov 5-8, 1989. Washington DC: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1989:588–592.

East TD , Henderson S , Pace NL , Morris AH , Brunner JX . Knowledge engineering using retrospective review of data: a useful technique or merely data dredging?> Int J Clin Monit Comput 1991-1992;8:259–262.

East TD , Morris AH , Wallace CJ , Clemmer TP , Orme JF Jr , Weaver LK , . A strategy for development of computerized critical care decision support systems. Int J Clin Monit Comput 1991-1992;8:263–269.

Tehrani FT . A microcomputer oxygen control system for ventilatory therapy. Ann Biomed Eng 1992;20:547–558.

East TD , in't Veen JC , Jonker TA , Pace NL , McJames S. Computer-controlled positive end-expiratory pressure titration for effective oxygenation without frequent blood gases. Crit Care Med 1988;16(3):252–257.

Henderson S , Crapo RO , Wallace CJ , East TD , Morris AH , Gardner RM . Performance of computerized protocols for the management of arterial oxygenation in an intensive care unit. Int J Clin Monit Comput 1991-1992;8:271–280.

East TD , Tolle CR , Farrell RM , Brunner JX . A nonlinear closed-loop controller for oxygenation based on a clinically proven fifth dimensional quality surface. Crit Care Med 1991;19(4):S61.