JohnsonJ, CogbillTH, WingaER. Determinants of outcome after pulmonary contusion. J Trauma. 1986;26:695–697.
4.
LoCiceroJIII, MattoxKL. Epidemiology of chest trauma. Surg Clin North Am. 1989;69:15–19.
5.
NakayamaDK, RamenofskyML, RoweMI. Chest injuries in childhood. Ann Surg. 1989;210:770–785.
6.
VirgilioRW. Intrathoracic wounds in battle casualties. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1970;131:609–615.
7.
ThalER, RamenofskyML. Advanced life support program. Chicago: American College of Surgeons; 1989:89–104.
8.
RamenofskyML, ed. Advanced trauma life support manual. Chicago: American College of Surgeons; 1988:8–24.
9.
WiotJF. The radiologic manifestations of blunt chest trauma. JAMA. 1975;231:500–503.
10.
MarshDG, StrumJT. Traumatic aortic rupture: roentgenographic indications for angiography. Ann Thorac Surg. 1976;12:337–340.
11.
ThompsonDA, FischerRA. The significance of scapular fractures. J Trauma. 198;25:974–977.
12.
NicholsRT, PearceHJ, GreenfieldLJ. Effects of pulmonary contusion on respiratory exchange and lung mechanics. West Surg Assoc. 1968;96:723.
13.
OppenheimerL, CravenKD, ForkertL, WoodLDH. Pathophysiology of pulmonary contusion in dogs. J Appl Physiol. 1979;47:718–728.
14.
CravenKD, OppenheimerL, WoodLDH. Effects of contusion and flail chest on pulmonary perfusion and oxygen exchange. J Appl Physiol. 1979;47:729–737.
15.
WagnerRB, SlivkoB, JamiesonPM, DillsMS, EdwardsFH. Effect of lung contusion on pulmonary hemodynamics. Ann Thorac Surg. 1991;52:51–52.
16.
FeinA, Wiener-KronishJP. Pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 1986;2:429–453.
17.
TrinkleJK, RichardsonJD, FranzJL. Management of flail chest without mechanical ventilation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1975;19:355–363.
18.
ShackfordSR, SmithDE, RiceCL, VirgilioRW. The management of flail chest: a comparison of ventilatory and nonventilatory treatment. Am J Surg. 1976;132:759–762.
19.
ShackfordSR, VirgilioRW, PetersRM. Selective use of ventilatory therapy in flail chest injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1981;81:194–201.
20.
RichardsonJD, AdamsL, FlintLM. Selective management of flail chest and pulmonary contusion. Ann Surg. 1982;196:481–487.
21.
HurstJM, DavisKJr, BransonRD, JohannigmanJA. Comparison of blood gases during transport using two methods of ventilatory support. J Trauma. 1989;29:1637–1639.
22.
HurstJM, BransonRD, DavisKJr, AshbrockS, SteeleJ.Ventilatory support in the field: a prospective study (abstract). In: Proceedings of the 6th World Congress for Emergency and Disaster Medicine. Hong Kong; 1989.
23.
DittmanM, SternblockU, KranzlinM, WolffG.Epidural analgesia and mechanical ventilation for multiple rib fractures. Intensive Care Med. 1982;8:89–92.
24.
MackersieC, ShackfordSR, HoytDB, KaragainesG.Continuous epidural fentanyl analgesia: ventilatory function improvement with routine use in the treatment of blunt chest injury. J Trauma. 1987;27:1202–1212.
25.
WorthleyLI. Thoracic epidural in the management of chest trauma: a study of 161 cases. Intensive Care Med. 1985;11:312–315.
26.
BransonRD, HurstJM, DeHavenCB. Mask CPAP: state of the art. Respir Care. 1985;30:846–857.
27.
HurstJM, DeHavenCB, BransonRD. Use of CPAP mask as the sole mode of ventilatory support in trauma patients with mild to moderate respiratory insufficiency. J Trauma. 1985;25:1065–1068.
28.
GadeGF, BeckerDP. Management of increased intracranial pressure. In: HurstJM, ed. Common problems in trauma. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1987:366.
29.
HurstJM, BransonRD, DavisKJr, BarretteRR. Cardiopulmonary effects of pressure support ventilation. Arch Surg. 1989;24:1067–1070.
30.
MacIntyreNR. Respiratory function during pressure support ventilation. Chest. 1986;89:677–683.
31.
BransonRD, CampbellRS, DavisKJr, JohannigmanJA, JohnsonDJ, HurstJM. Altering flowrate during maximum pressure support ventilation (PSVmax): effects on cardiorespiratory function. Respir Care. 1990;35:1056–1064.
32.
AbrahamE, YoshiharaG.Cardiorespiratory effects of pressure controlled ventilation in severe respiratory failure. Chest. 1990;98:1445–1449.
33.
HurstJM, DeHavenCB, BransonRD. Comparison of conventional mechanical ventilation and synchronous independent lung ventilation in the treatment of unilateral lung injury. J Trauma. 1985;25:766–770.
34.
HurstJM, BransonRD, DavisKJr. High-frequency percussive ventilation in the management of elevated intracranial pressure. J Trauma. 1988;28:1363–1367.
35.
BergLF, CamposM, MafeeMF, ApplebaumEL. Mechanisms of pneumothorax following tracheal intubation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1988;97:500–505.
36.
MacklinCC. Pneumothorax with massive collapse from experimental local overinflation of the lung substance. Can Med Assoc J. 1937;36:414–420.
37.
MacklinMT, MacklinCC. Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs. Medicine (Baltimore). 1944;23:281–358.
38.
HurdTE, NovakR, GallagherTJ. Tension pneumopericardium: a complication of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 1984;12:200–201.
39.
HurstJM, ZumwaltRE, BransonRD, DeHavenCB. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in an adult: a case report. Respir Care. 1985;30:759–763.
40.
PiersonDJ. Complications associated with mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Clin. 1990;3:711–724.
41.
GallagherTJ, SmithRA, KirbyRR. Intermittent inspiratory chest tube occlusion to limit bronchopleural cutaneous air leak. Crit Care Med. 1976;4:328–332.
42.
HillmanKM. Pneumoperitoneum: a review. Crit Care Med. 1982;10:476–481.
43.
RichardsonJD, TrinkleJK. Hemodynamic and respiratory alteration with increased intra-abdominal pressure. J Surg Res. 1976;20:401–404.
44.
AkersDL, FowlRJ, KempczinskiRF, DavisKJr, HurstJM, UhlS.Temporary closure of the abdominal wall by use of silicone rubber sheets after operative repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 1991;14:48–52.
